Fish By-Products: A Source of Enzymes to Generate Circular Bioactive Hydrolysates
Fish viscera are usually discarded as waste, causing environmental problems, or as low-value by-products. This study describes a self-sufficient and zero waste approach to obtain enzymes and protein hydrolysates from fish by-products. Firstly, recovery steps of viscera enzymatic extract were applied...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1155 |
| _version_ | 1797623761774575616 |
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| author | Sandra Borges Joana Odila Glenise Voss Rui Martins Ana Rosa José António Couto André Almeida Manuela Pintado |
| author_facet | Sandra Borges Joana Odila Glenise Voss Rui Martins Ana Rosa José António Couto André Almeida Manuela Pintado |
| author_sort | Sandra Borges |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fish viscera are usually discarded as waste, causing environmental problems, or as low-value by-products. This study describes a self-sufficient and zero waste approach to obtain enzymes and protein hydrolysates from fish by-products. Firstly, recovery steps of viscera enzymatic extract were applied, and the resulting raw extract was stable at a pH range of 8–9 and at temperatures between 40 and 50 °C. The application of the extracted enzymes and alcalase on fish by-products hydrolysis was also determined. The selected conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis were 10% (E/S) for 6 h using viscera enzymatic extract and 3% (E/S) for 2 h using alcalase. Fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) proved to have a notable antioxidant capacity with similar activity, ~11 mg ascorbic acid/g dry extract (ABTS assay) and ~150 mg Trolox/g dry extract (ORAC assay). FPH were also able to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme, however, alcalase hydrolysates revealed a higher antihypertensive potential, IC<sub>50</sub> of 101 µg of protein/mL. In general, FPH obtained by both enzymes systems maintained these bioactivities after the passage throughout a simulated gastrointestinal tract. The hydrolysates also displayed important technological properties, namely oil absorption capacity (~1 g oil/g sample) and emulsifying property (~40%). Therefore, it will be conceivable to use fish by-products based on a circular economy approach to generate added value compounds for animal and human nutrition. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:33:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5f64fec01d364e2bad02919b2d35b197 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:33:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-5f64fec01d364e2bad02919b2d35b1972023-11-16T17:28:26ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-01-01283115510.3390/molecules28031155Fish By-Products: A Source of Enzymes to Generate Circular Bioactive HydrolysatesSandra Borges0Joana Odila1Glenise Voss2Rui Martins3Ana Rosa4José António Couto5André Almeida6Manuela Pintado7Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalUniversidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalUniversidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalETSA, Empresa Transformadora de Subprodutos, 2660-119 Loures, PortugalETSA, Empresa Transformadora de Subprodutos, 2660-119 Loures, PortugalUniversidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalETSA, Empresa Transformadora de Subprodutos, 2660-119 Loures, PortugalUniversidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalFish viscera are usually discarded as waste, causing environmental problems, or as low-value by-products. This study describes a self-sufficient and zero waste approach to obtain enzymes and protein hydrolysates from fish by-products. Firstly, recovery steps of viscera enzymatic extract were applied, and the resulting raw extract was stable at a pH range of 8–9 and at temperatures between 40 and 50 °C. The application of the extracted enzymes and alcalase on fish by-products hydrolysis was also determined. The selected conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis were 10% (E/S) for 6 h using viscera enzymatic extract and 3% (E/S) for 2 h using alcalase. Fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) proved to have a notable antioxidant capacity with similar activity, ~11 mg ascorbic acid/g dry extract (ABTS assay) and ~150 mg Trolox/g dry extract (ORAC assay). FPH were also able to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme, however, alcalase hydrolysates revealed a higher antihypertensive potential, IC<sub>50</sub> of 101 µg of protein/mL. In general, FPH obtained by both enzymes systems maintained these bioactivities after the passage throughout a simulated gastrointestinal tract. The hydrolysates also displayed important technological properties, namely oil absorption capacity (~1 g oil/g sample) and emulsifying property (~40%). Therefore, it will be conceivable to use fish by-products based on a circular economy approach to generate added value compounds for animal and human nutrition.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1155visceraprotein hydrolysisbioactive peptidestechnological properties |
| spellingShingle | Sandra Borges Joana Odila Glenise Voss Rui Martins Ana Rosa José António Couto André Almeida Manuela Pintado Fish By-Products: A Source of Enzymes to Generate Circular Bioactive Hydrolysates Molecules viscera protein hydrolysis bioactive peptides technological properties |
| title | Fish By-Products: A Source of Enzymes to Generate Circular Bioactive Hydrolysates |
| title_full | Fish By-Products: A Source of Enzymes to Generate Circular Bioactive Hydrolysates |
| title_fullStr | Fish By-Products: A Source of Enzymes to Generate Circular Bioactive Hydrolysates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fish By-Products: A Source of Enzymes to Generate Circular Bioactive Hydrolysates |
| title_short | Fish By-Products: A Source of Enzymes to Generate Circular Bioactive Hydrolysates |
| title_sort | fish by products a source of enzymes to generate circular bioactive hydrolysates |
| topic | viscera protein hydrolysis bioactive peptides technological properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1155 |
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