Diagnosis of west Nile neuroinvasive disease in humans
West Nile virus (WNV) is arbovirus distributed all around the world. In humans, 80% of infection cases are asymptomatic. In 20% of infected people, a febrile self-limiting illness is reported. WNV has the potential for fatal neuroinvasive disease. In 1% of cases, the infection may result in neuroinv...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Scientific Veterinary Institute “Novi Sad”
2018-09-01
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| Series: | Archives of Veterinary Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://niv.ns.ac.rs/e-avm/index.php/e-avm/article/view/19 |
| _version_ | 1818859283880607744 |
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| author | Ivana Hrnjaković Cvjetković Vesna Milošević Tamaš Petrović Dušan Petrić Gordana Kovačević Jelena Radovanov Aleksandra Patić Nataša Nikolić Sandra Stefan Mikić Sofija Cvjetković Dejan Cvjetković |
| author_facet | Ivana Hrnjaković Cvjetković Vesna Milošević Tamaš Petrović Dušan Petrić Gordana Kovačević Jelena Radovanov Aleksandra Patić Nataša Nikolić Sandra Stefan Mikić Sofija Cvjetković Dejan Cvjetković |
| author_sort | Ivana Hrnjaković Cvjetković |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | West Nile virus (WNV) is arbovirus distributed all around the world. In humans, 80% of infection cases are asymptomatic. In 20% of infected people, a febrile self-limiting illness is reported. WNV has the potential for fatal neuroinvasive disease. In 1% of cases, the infection may result in neuroinvasive disease with permanent neurological consequences or death outcome. Neurological forms may vary presenting with encephalitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis or acute flaccid paralysis. Outbreaks with neurological forms of WNV infection were recorded in different areas of Greece, Italy, Romania, Hungary and Serbia. During the period from 2013 to 2016, 114 samples of cerebrospinal fluid and 107 serum samples were taken from 114 patients suspected of WNV neuroinvasive disease (WNND). The presence of specific anti-WNV IgM and IgG antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sera samples were tested by WNV IgM and IgG ELISA (Euroimmun, Germany). In addition, 48 samples of CSF or/and serum of people with suspected WNV infection were examined by commercial molecular tests - real time RT-PCR (WNV Real-TM, Sacace biotechnologies, Italy). The IgM antibodies against WNV were present in 25.4% (29/114) of CSF samples, and in 31.8% (34/107) of serum samples tested from 114 patients suspected of WNND. The IgG antibodies against WNV were detected in 3.5% (4/114) of CSF samples, and in 11.2% (12/107) of serum samples. The WNV RNA was detected by real time RT-PCR test in 7 out of 48 (14.6%) CSF or/and serum samples. In this study, detection of IgM antibodies in CSF is more frequent than detection of WNV RNA in CSF or serum samples. WNV RNA detection in CSF is confirmatory diagnostic test but has limited utility in the diagnosis of WNV neuroinvasive disease due to low viremia level at the time of clinical presentation of the disease. The limitations in the use of ELISA IgM test are linked to cross - reactivity among flaviviruses and long persistence of IgM antibodies in the serum and CSF. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T09:09:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5f805f140ca543919516edbf24318892 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1820-9955 2683-4138 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T09:09:44Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | Scientific Veterinary Institute “Novi Sad” |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Archives of Veterinary Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-5f805f140ca543919516edbf243188922022-12-21T20:28:14ZengScientific Veterinary Institute “Novi Sad”Archives of Veterinary Medicine1820-99552683-41382018-09-0111110.46784/e-avm.v11i1.19Diagnosis of west Nile neuroinvasive disease in humansIvana Hrnjaković CvjetkovićVesna MiloševićTamaš PetrovićDušan PetrićGordana KovačevićJelena RadovanovAleksandra PatićNataša NikolićSandra Stefan MikićSofija CvjetkovićDejan CvjetkovićWest Nile virus (WNV) is arbovirus distributed all around the world. In humans, 80% of infection cases are asymptomatic. In 20% of infected people, a febrile self-limiting illness is reported. WNV has the potential for fatal neuroinvasive disease. In 1% of cases, the infection may result in neuroinvasive disease with permanent neurological consequences or death outcome. Neurological forms may vary presenting with encephalitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis or acute flaccid paralysis. Outbreaks with neurological forms of WNV infection were recorded in different areas of Greece, Italy, Romania, Hungary and Serbia. During the period from 2013 to 2016, 114 samples of cerebrospinal fluid and 107 serum samples were taken from 114 patients suspected of WNV neuroinvasive disease (WNND). The presence of specific anti-WNV IgM and IgG antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sera samples were tested by WNV IgM and IgG ELISA (Euroimmun, Germany). In addition, 48 samples of CSF or/and serum of people with suspected WNV infection were examined by commercial molecular tests - real time RT-PCR (WNV Real-TM, Sacace biotechnologies, Italy). The IgM antibodies against WNV were present in 25.4% (29/114) of CSF samples, and in 31.8% (34/107) of serum samples tested from 114 patients suspected of WNND. The IgG antibodies against WNV were detected in 3.5% (4/114) of CSF samples, and in 11.2% (12/107) of serum samples. The WNV RNA was detected by real time RT-PCR test in 7 out of 48 (14.6%) CSF or/and serum samples. In this study, detection of IgM antibodies in CSF is more frequent than detection of WNV RNA in CSF or serum samples. WNV RNA detection in CSF is confirmatory diagnostic test but has limited utility in the diagnosis of WNV neuroinvasive disease due to low viremia level at the time of clinical presentation of the disease. The limitations in the use of ELISA IgM test are linked to cross - reactivity among flaviviruses and long persistence of IgM antibodies in the serum and CSF.https://niv.ns.ac.rs/e-avm/index.php/e-avm/article/view/19West Nile virusELISA IgM testCSFserumreal time RTPCRWNV genome |
| spellingShingle | Ivana Hrnjaković Cvjetković Vesna Milošević Tamaš Petrović Dušan Petrić Gordana Kovačević Jelena Radovanov Aleksandra Patić Nataša Nikolić Sandra Stefan Mikić Sofija Cvjetković Dejan Cvjetković Diagnosis of west Nile neuroinvasive disease in humans Archives of Veterinary Medicine West Nile virus ELISA IgM test CSF serum real time RTPCR WNV genome |
| title | Diagnosis of west Nile neuroinvasive disease in humans |
| title_full | Diagnosis of west Nile neuroinvasive disease in humans |
| title_fullStr | Diagnosis of west Nile neuroinvasive disease in humans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diagnosis of west Nile neuroinvasive disease in humans |
| title_short | Diagnosis of west Nile neuroinvasive disease in humans |
| title_sort | diagnosis of west nile neuroinvasive disease in humans |
| topic | West Nile virus ELISA IgM test CSF serum real time RTPCR WNV genome |
| url | https://niv.ns.ac.rs/e-avm/index.php/e-avm/article/view/19 |
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