Towards in-situ diagnostics of multi-photon 3D laser printing using optical coherence tomography
In recent years, multi-photon 3D laser printing has become a widely used tool for the fabrication of micro- and nanostructures for a large variety of applications. Typically, thorough sample characterisation is key for an efficient optimisation of the printing process. To date, three-dimensional mic...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Light Publishing Group
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Light: Advanced Manufacturing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.light-am.com/article/doi/10.37188/lam.2022.039 |
| _version_ | 1811206503401521152 |
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| author | Roman Zvagelsky Frederik Mayer Dominik Beutel Carsten Rockstuhl Guillaume Gomard Martin Wegener |
| author_facet | Roman Zvagelsky Frederik Mayer Dominik Beutel Carsten Rockstuhl Guillaume Gomard Martin Wegener |
| author_sort | Roman Zvagelsky |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, multi-photon 3D laser printing has become a widely used tool for the fabrication of micro- and nanostructures for a large variety of applications. Typically, thorough sample characterisation is key for an efficient optimisation of the printing process. To date, three-dimensional microscopic inspection has usually been carried out on finished 3D printed microstructures, that is, using ex-situ approaches. In contrast, in-situ 3D characterization tools are desirable for quickly assessing the quality and properties of 3D printed microstructures. Along these lines, we present and characterise a Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) system that can be readily integrated into an existing 3D laser lithography setup. We demonstrate its capabilities by examining different 3D printed polymer microstructures immersed in a liquid photoresist. In such samples, local reflectivity arises from the (refractive-index) contrasts between the polymerised and non-polymerised regions. Thus, the refractive index of the printed material can be extracted. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the reflectivity of polymer-monomer transitions exhibits time-dependent behaviour after printing. Supported by transfer-matrix calculations, we explain this effect in terms of the time-dependent graded-index transition originating from monomer diffusion into the polymer matrix. Finally, we show exemplary 3D reconstructions of printed structures that can be readily compared with 3D computer designs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:48:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5f83479820c04507a8c434818c1e9953 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2689-9620 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:48:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Light Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Light: Advanced Manufacturing |
| spelling | doaj.art-5f83479820c04507a8c434818c1e99532022-12-22T03:49:03ZengLight Publishing GroupLight: Advanced Manufacturing2689-96202022-06-013211510.37188/lam.2022.039Towards in-situ diagnostics of multi-photon 3D laser printing using optical coherence tomographyRoman Zvagelsky0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-2477Frederik Mayer1Dominik Beutel2Carsten RockstuhlGuillaume Gomard3Martin WegenerInstitute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Theoretical Solid State Physics (TFP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyCarl Zeiss AG, Zeiss Innovation Hub, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyIn recent years, multi-photon 3D laser printing has become a widely used tool for the fabrication of micro- and nanostructures for a large variety of applications. Typically, thorough sample characterisation is key for an efficient optimisation of the printing process. To date, three-dimensional microscopic inspection has usually been carried out on finished 3D printed microstructures, that is, using ex-situ approaches. In contrast, in-situ 3D characterization tools are desirable for quickly assessing the quality and properties of 3D printed microstructures. Along these lines, we present and characterise a Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) system that can be readily integrated into an existing 3D laser lithography setup. We demonstrate its capabilities by examining different 3D printed polymer microstructures immersed in a liquid photoresist. In such samples, local reflectivity arises from the (refractive-index) contrasts between the polymerised and non-polymerised regions. Thus, the refractive index of the printed material can be extracted. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the reflectivity of polymer-monomer transitions exhibits time-dependent behaviour after printing. Supported by transfer-matrix calculations, we explain this effect in terms of the time-dependent graded-index transition originating from monomer diffusion into the polymer matrix. Finally, we show exemplary 3D reconstructions of printed structures that can be readily compared with 3D computer designs.https://www.light-am.com/article/doi/10.37188/lam.2022.039multi-photon 3d laser printingoptical coherence tomographyin-situ diagnostics |
| spellingShingle | Roman Zvagelsky Frederik Mayer Dominik Beutel Carsten Rockstuhl Guillaume Gomard Martin Wegener Towards in-situ diagnostics of multi-photon 3D laser printing using optical coherence tomography Light: Advanced Manufacturing multi-photon 3d laser printing optical coherence tomography in-situ diagnostics |
| title | Towards in-situ diagnostics of multi-photon 3D laser printing using optical coherence tomography |
| title_full | Towards in-situ diagnostics of multi-photon 3D laser printing using optical coherence tomography |
| title_fullStr | Towards in-situ diagnostics of multi-photon 3D laser printing using optical coherence tomography |
| title_full_unstemmed | Towards in-situ diagnostics of multi-photon 3D laser printing using optical coherence tomography |
| title_short | Towards in-situ diagnostics of multi-photon 3D laser printing using optical coherence tomography |
| title_sort | towards in situ diagnostics of multi photon 3d laser printing using optical coherence tomography |
| topic | multi-photon 3d laser printing optical coherence tomography in-situ diagnostics |
| url | https://www.light-am.com/article/doi/10.37188/lam.2022.039 |
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