Genetic Mechanism of Tissue-Specific Expression of <i>PPAR</i> Genes in Turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>) at Different Temperatures
In this study, we used PCR to measure the levels of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor genes <i>PPARα1</i>, <i>PPARα2</i>, <i>PPARβ,</i> and <i>PPARγ</i> in the intestine, liver, gill, heart, kidney, brain, muscle, spleen, skin, and stomach...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/20/12205 |
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| author | Xinan Wang Tingting Zhao Aijun Ma |
| author_facet | Xinan Wang Tingting Zhao Aijun Ma |
| author_sort | Xinan Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we used PCR to measure the levels of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor genes <i>PPARα1</i>, <i>PPARα2</i>, <i>PPARβ,</i> and <i>PPARγ</i> in the intestine, liver, gill, heart, kidney, brain, muscle, spleen, skin, and stomach of turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>) cultured under different temperature conditions (14, 20, 23, 25, and 28 °C). We used split-split-plot (SSP) analysis of variance, additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis, and genotype main effects and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis to evaluate the genotype × tissue interaction effects on gene expression. The results of the SSP analysis of variance showed that temperature and tissue × gene have highly significant (<i>p</i> < 0.01) effect on the expression of <i>S. maximus</i> <i>PPAR</i> genes. The AMMI analysis results revealed that the expression of <i>PPAR</i> genes at the appropriate temperature (14 °C) mainly depended on genotype × tissue interaction and tissue effects. Under stress temperatures, genotype effects, tissue effects, and genotype × tissue interaction, all had significant effects on the expression of <i>PPAR</i> genes. The contribution of the genotype effect slowly increased with increasing temperature; it increased faster at 20 °C and then slowly declined at 25 °C. The contribution of the tissue effect slowly increased from 14 to 20 °C, where it sharply decreased, and then it stabilized after a slight fluctuation. The contribution of the genotype × tissue interaction effect showed a fluctuating upward trend throughout the experiment, and it had a significant impact on <i>PPAR</i> gene expression. The key temperature at which the three effects changed was 20 °C, indicating that it is the limit temperature for active lipid metabolism under high-temperature stress. The GGE biplot analysis results showed that under suitable water temperature, the expression difference of <i>PPAR</i> genes in the liver was the largest; at 20 and 23 °C, the expression difference in the gill was the largest; and at 25 and 28 °C, the expression difference in the brain was the largest. Overall, our results suggest that the mechanism responsible for <i>PPAR</i> gene expression under the three high temperatures (23, 25, and 28 °C) was relatively consistent, but it differed from that at 20 °C. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:06:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5f8852862a174034b44871859a69469f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:06:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5f8852862a174034b44871859a69469f2023-11-24T00:29:16ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-10-0123201220510.3390/ijms232012205Genetic Mechanism of Tissue-Specific Expression of <i>PPAR</i> Genes in Turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>) at Different TemperaturesXinan Wang0Tingting Zhao1Aijun Ma2Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaSchool of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, ChinaYellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaIn this study, we used PCR to measure the levels of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor genes <i>PPARα1</i>, <i>PPARα2</i>, <i>PPARβ,</i> and <i>PPARγ</i> in the intestine, liver, gill, heart, kidney, brain, muscle, spleen, skin, and stomach of turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>) cultured under different temperature conditions (14, 20, 23, 25, and 28 °C). We used split-split-plot (SSP) analysis of variance, additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis, and genotype main effects and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis to evaluate the genotype × tissue interaction effects on gene expression. The results of the SSP analysis of variance showed that temperature and tissue × gene have highly significant (<i>p</i> < 0.01) effect on the expression of <i>S. maximus</i> <i>PPAR</i> genes. The AMMI analysis results revealed that the expression of <i>PPAR</i> genes at the appropriate temperature (14 °C) mainly depended on genotype × tissue interaction and tissue effects. Under stress temperatures, genotype effects, tissue effects, and genotype × tissue interaction, all had significant effects on the expression of <i>PPAR</i> genes. The contribution of the genotype effect slowly increased with increasing temperature; it increased faster at 20 °C and then slowly declined at 25 °C. The contribution of the tissue effect slowly increased from 14 to 20 °C, where it sharply decreased, and then it stabilized after a slight fluctuation. The contribution of the genotype × tissue interaction effect showed a fluctuating upward trend throughout the experiment, and it had a significant impact on <i>PPAR</i> gene expression. The key temperature at which the three effects changed was 20 °C, indicating that it is the limit temperature for active lipid metabolism under high-temperature stress. The GGE biplot analysis results showed that under suitable water temperature, the expression difference of <i>PPAR</i> genes in the liver was the largest; at 20 and 23 °C, the expression difference in the gill was the largest; and at 25 and 28 °C, the expression difference in the brain was the largest. Overall, our results suggest that the mechanism responsible for <i>PPAR</i> gene expression under the three high temperatures (23, 25, and 28 °C) was relatively consistent, but it differed from that at 20 °C.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/20/12205genotypetissueinteractions<i>PPAR</i> genesturbot <i>Scophthalmus maximus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Xinan Wang Tingting Zhao Aijun Ma Genetic Mechanism of Tissue-Specific Expression of <i>PPAR</i> Genes in Turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>) at Different Temperatures International Journal of Molecular Sciences genotype tissue interactions <i>PPAR</i> genes turbot <i>Scophthalmus maximus</i> |
| title | Genetic Mechanism of Tissue-Specific Expression of <i>PPAR</i> Genes in Turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>) at Different Temperatures |
| title_full | Genetic Mechanism of Tissue-Specific Expression of <i>PPAR</i> Genes in Turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>) at Different Temperatures |
| title_fullStr | Genetic Mechanism of Tissue-Specific Expression of <i>PPAR</i> Genes in Turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>) at Different Temperatures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Mechanism of Tissue-Specific Expression of <i>PPAR</i> Genes in Turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>) at Different Temperatures |
| title_short | Genetic Mechanism of Tissue-Specific Expression of <i>PPAR</i> Genes in Turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>) at Different Temperatures |
| title_sort | genetic mechanism of tissue specific expression of i ppar i genes in turbot i scophthalmus maximus i at different temperatures |
| topic | genotype tissue interactions <i>PPAR</i> genes turbot <i>Scophthalmus maximus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/20/12205 |
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