Effectiveness of Respiratory Muscles Training by Voluntary Isocapnic Hyperpnea Versus Inspiratory Threshold Loading on Intercostales and Vastus Lateralis Muscles Deoxygenation Induced by Exercise in Physically Active Adults
Respiratory muscle training (RMT) improves physical performance, although it is still debated whether this effect depends on the type of training. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two different types of RMT, i.e., voluntary isocapnic hyperpnea (VIH) and inspiratory threshold l...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/2/219 |
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| author | Maximiliano Espinosa-Ramírez Santiago Riquelme Felipe Araya Guido Rodríguez Fernanda Figueroa-Martínez Luigi Gabrielli Ginés Viscor W. Darlene Reid Felipe Contreras-Briceño |
| author_facet | Maximiliano Espinosa-Ramírez Santiago Riquelme Felipe Araya Guido Rodríguez Fernanda Figueroa-Martínez Luigi Gabrielli Ginés Viscor W. Darlene Reid Felipe Contreras-Briceño |
| author_sort | Maximiliano Espinosa-Ramírez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Respiratory muscle training (RMT) improves physical performance, although it is still debated whether this effect depends on the type of training. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two different types of RMT, i.e., voluntary isocapnic hyperpnea (VIH) and inspiratory threshold loading (ITL), on the deoxygenation of <i>intercostal</i> (ΔSmO<sub>2</sub>-<i>m. intercostales</i>) and <i>vastus lateralis</i> (ΔSmO<sub>2</sub>-<i>m. vastus lateralis</i>) muscles during exercise. Twenty-four participants performed eight weeks of RMT by: (i) VIH (3 days·week<sup>−1</sup> for 12 min at 60% maximal voluntary ventilation) or (ii) ITL (5 sets·week<sup>−1</sup> of 30 breaths·minute<sup>−1</sup> at 60% maximal inspiratory pressure). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) included ΔSmO<sub>2</sub> (the change from baseline to end of test) of <i>intercostal</i> and <i>vastus lateralis</i> muscles. After RMT, both groups showed decreased ΔSmO<sub>2</sub>-<i>m. intercostales</i> (VIH = 12.8 ± 14.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.04 (effect size, ES = 0.59), and ITL = 8.4 ± 9.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.04 (ES = 0.48)), without a coincident change of ∆SmO<sub>2-</sub><i>m. vastus lateralis</i>. ITL training induced higher <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mover accent="true"><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mstyle></semantics></math></inline-formula>O<sub>2-peak</sub> absolute values than VIH (mean Δ post–pre, ITL = 229 ± 254 mL·min<sup>−1</sup> [95% CI 67–391] vs. VIH, 39 ± 153 mL·min<sup>−1</sup> [95% CI −58–136.0], <i>p</i> = 0.01). In conclusion, both RMT improved the balance between supply and oxygen consumption levels of <i>m. intercostales</i> during CPET, with ITL also inducing an increase of aerobic capacity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:07:58Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5f8da7aba4a349ea99c840d49f3493dd2023-11-16T19:13:17ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-01-0112221910.3390/biology12020219Effectiveness of Respiratory Muscles Training by Voluntary Isocapnic Hyperpnea Versus Inspiratory Threshold Loading on Intercostales and Vastus Lateralis Muscles Deoxygenation Induced by Exercise in Physically Active AdultsMaximiliano Espinosa-Ramírez0Santiago Riquelme1Felipe Araya2Guido Rodríguez3Fernanda Figueroa-Martínez4Luigi Gabrielli5Ginés Viscor6W. Darlene Reid7Felipe Contreras-Briceño8Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna #4860, Santiago 7820436, ChileLaboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna #4860, Santiago 7820436, ChileLaboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna #4860, Santiago 7820436, ChileLaboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna #4860, Santiago 7820436, ChileLaboratory of Voice, Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna #4860, Santiago 7820436, ChileAdvanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta #367, Santiago 8380000, ChilePhysiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, CanadaLaboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna #4860, Santiago 7820436, ChileRespiratory muscle training (RMT) improves physical performance, although it is still debated whether this effect depends on the type of training. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two different types of RMT, i.e., voluntary isocapnic hyperpnea (VIH) and inspiratory threshold loading (ITL), on the deoxygenation of <i>intercostal</i> (ΔSmO<sub>2</sub>-<i>m. intercostales</i>) and <i>vastus lateralis</i> (ΔSmO<sub>2</sub>-<i>m. vastus lateralis</i>) muscles during exercise. Twenty-four participants performed eight weeks of RMT by: (i) VIH (3 days·week<sup>−1</sup> for 12 min at 60% maximal voluntary ventilation) or (ii) ITL (5 sets·week<sup>−1</sup> of 30 breaths·minute<sup>−1</sup> at 60% maximal inspiratory pressure). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) included ΔSmO<sub>2</sub> (the change from baseline to end of test) of <i>intercostal</i> and <i>vastus lateralis</i> muscles. After RMT, both groups showed decreased ΔSmO<sub>2</sub>-<i>m. intercostales</i> (VIH = 12.8 ± 14.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.04 (effect size, ES = 0.59), and ITL = 8.4 ± 9.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.04 (ES = 0.48)), without a coincident change of ∆SmO<sub>2-</sub><i>m. vastus lateralis</i>. ITL training induced higher <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mover accent="true"><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mstyle></semantics></math></inline-formula>O<sub>2-peak</sub> absolute values than VIH (mean Δ post–pre, ITL = 229 ± 254 mL·min<sup>−1</sup> [95% CI 67–391] vs. VIH, 39 ± 153 mL·min<sup>−1</sup> [95% CI −58–136.0], <i>p</i> = 0.01). In conclusion, both RMT improved the balance between supply and oxygen consumption levels of <i>m. intercostales</i> during CPET, with ITL also inducing an increase of aerobic capacity.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/2/219respiratory musclesspectroscopynear-infraredsportathletic trainingoxygen consumption |
| spellingShingle | Maximiliano Espinosa-Ramírez Santiago Riquelme Felipe Araya Guido Rodríguez Fernanda Figueroa-Martínez Luigi Gabrielli Ginés Viscor W. Darlene Reid Felipe Contreras-Briceño Effectiveness of Respiratory Muscles Training by Voluntary Isocapnic Hyperpnea Versus Inspiratory Threshold Loading on Intercostales and Vastus Lateralis Muscles Deoxygenation Induced by Exercise in Physically Active Adults Biology respiratory muscles spectroscopy near-infrared sport athletic training oxygen consumption |
| title | Effectiveness of Respiratory Muscles Training by Voluntary Isocapnic Hyperpnea Versus Inspiratory Threshold Loading on Intercostales and Vastus Lateralis Muscles Deoxygenation Induced by Exercise in Physically Active Adults |
| title_full | Effectiveness of Respiratory Muscles Training by Voluntary Isocapnic Hyperpnea Versus Inspiratory Threshold Loading on Intercostales and Vastus Lateralis Muscles Deoxygenation Induced by Exercise in Physically Active Adults |
| title_fullStr | Effectiveness of Respiratory Muscles Training by Voluntary Isocapnic Hyperpnea Versus Inspiratory Threshold Loading on Intercostales and Vastus Lateralis Muscles Deoxygenation Induced by Exercise in Physically Active Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of Respiratory Muscles Training by Voluntary Isocapnic Hyperpnea Versus Inspiratory Threshold Loading on Intercostales and Vastus Lateralis Muscles Deoxygenation Induced by Exercise in Physically Active Adults |
| title_short | Effectiveness of Respiratory Muscles Training by Voluntary Isocapnic Hyperpnea Versus Inspiratory Threshold Loading on Intercostales and Vastus Lateralis Muscles Deoxygenation Induced by Exercise in Physically Active Adults |
| title_sort | effectiveness of respiratory muscles training by voluntary isocapnic hyperpnea versus inspiratory threshold loading on intercostales and vastus lateralis muscles deoxygenation induced by exercise in physically active adults |
| topic | respiratory muscles spectroscopy near-infrared sport athletic training oxygen consumption |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/2/219 |
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