One-Step Assembly of Fluorescence-Based Cyanide Sensors from Inexpensive, Off-The-Shelf Materials
We report a simple and versatile approach to assemble sensitive and selective fluorescence “turn-on” sensors for cyanide by combining three off-the-shelf materials; namely fluorescent dye, 1-vinyl imidazole polymer, and cupric chloride. The cyanide-sensing species is a non-fluorescent fluorophore-po...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/16/4488 |
| _version_ | 1797558939043233792 |
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| author | Gregory E. Fernandes Ya-Wen Chang Akash Sharma Sarah Tutt |
| author_facet | Gregory E. Fernandes Ya-Wen Chang Akash Sharma Sarah Tutt |
| author_sort | Gregory E. Fernandes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We report a simple and versatile approach to assemble sensitive and selective fluorescence “turn-on” sensors for cyanide by combining three off-the-shelf materials; namely fluorescent dye, 1-vinyl imidazole polymer, and cupric chloride. The cyanide-sensing species is a non-fluorescent fluorophore-polymer-Cu<sup>2+</sup> complex; which forms as a result of the imidazole polymer’s ability to bind both fluorophore and fluorescence quencher (Cu<sup>2+</sup>). Cyanide removes Cu<sup>2+</sup> from these complexes; thereby “turning-on” sensor fluorescence. These sensors are water-soluble and have a detection limit of ~2.5 μM (CN<sup>−</sup>) in water. Our ternary complex-based sensing approach also enables facile emission tuning; we demonstrate the convenient, synthesis-free preparation of blue and green-emitting sensors using distyrylbiphenyl and fluorescein fluorophores, respectively. Furthermore; these ternary complexes are easily immobilized using agarose to create cyanide-sensing hydrogels; which are then used in a simple; novel microdiffusion apparatus to achieve interference-free cyanide analysis of aqueous media. The present study provides an inexpensive approach for portable; interference-free cyanide detection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:38:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5f8fae96ec8c444e80ada1f8c6ee23ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:38:36Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-5f8fae96ec8c444e80ada1f8c6ee23ae2023-11-20T09:46:55ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-08-012016448810.3390/s20164488One-Step Assembly of Fluorescence-Based Cyanide Sensors from Inexpensive, Off-The-Shelf MaterialsGregory E. Fernandes0Ya-Wen Chang1Akash Sharma2Sarah Tutt3Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3121, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3121, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3121, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3121, USAWe report a simple and versatile approach to assemble sensitive and selective fluorescence “turn-on” sensors for cyanide by combining three off-the-shelf materials; namely fluorescent dye, 1-vinyl imidazole polymer, and cupric chloride. The cyanide-sensing species is a non-fluorescent fluorophore-polymer-Cu<sup>2+</sup> complex; which forms as a result of the imidazole polymer’s ability to bind both fluorophore and fluorescence quencher (Cu<sup>2+</sup>). Cyanide removes Cu<sup>2+</sup> from these complexes; thereby “turning-on” sensor fluorescence. These sensors are water-soluble and have a detection limit of ~2.5 μM (CN<sup>−</sup>) in water. Our ternary complex-based sensing approach also enables facile emission tuning; we demonstrate the convenient, synthesis-free preparation of blue and green-emitting sensors using distyrylbiphenyl and fluorescein fluorophores, respectively. Furthermore; these ternary complexes are easily immobilized using agarose to create cyanide-sensing hydrogels; which are then used in a simple; novel microdiffusion apparatus to achieve interference-free cyanide analysis of aqueous media. The present study provides an inexpensive approach for portable; interference-free cyanide detection.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/16/4488fluorescencenon-covalentcomplexsensorturn-onoff-on |
| spellingShingle | Gregory E. Fernandes Ya-Wen Chang Akash Sharma Sarah Tutt One-Step Assembly of Fluorescence-Based Cyanide Sensors from Inexpensive, Off-The-Shelf Materials Sensors fluorescence non-covalent complex sensor turn-on off-on |
| title | One-Step Assembly of Fluorescence-Based Cyanide Sensors from Inexpensive, Off-The-Shelf Materials |
| title_full | One-Step Assembly of Fluorescence-Based Cyanide Sensors from Inexpensive, Off-The-Shelf Materials |
| title_fullStr | One-Step Assembly of Fluorescence-Based Cyanide Sensors from Inexpensive, Off-The-Shelf Materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | One-Step Assembly of Fluorescence-Based Cyanide Sensors from Inexpensive, Off-The-Shelf Materials |
| title_short | One-Step Assembly of Fluorescence-Based Cyanide Sensors from Inexpensive, Off-The-Shelf Materials |
| title_sort | one step assembly of fluorescence based cyanide sensors from inexpensive off the shelf materials |
| topic | fluorescence non-covalent complex sensor turn-on off-on |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/16/4488 |
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