CeO2NPs relieve radiofrequency radiation, improve testosterone synthesis, and clock gene expression in Leydig cells by enhancing antioxidation
Fenju Qin,1,2 Tao Shen,1 Honglong Cao,3 Junchao Qian,4 Dan Zou,1 Mingkang Ye,1 Hailong Pei21Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College...
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Dove Medical Press
2019-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Nanomedicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/ceo2nps-relieve-radiofrequency-radiation-improve-testosterone-synthesi-peer-reviewed-article-IJN |
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| author | Qin F Shen T Cao H Qian J Zou D Ye M Pei H |
| author_facet | Qin F Shen T Cao H Qian J Zou D Ye M Pei H |
| author_sort | Qin F |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fenju Qin,1,2 Tao Shen,1 Honglong Cao,3 Junchao Qian,4 Dan Zou,1 Mingkang Ye,1 Hailong Pei21Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Electronic & Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People’s Republic of China; 4Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People’s Republic of ChinaIntroduction: The ratio of Ce3+,/Ce4+, in their structure confers unique functions on cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) containing rare earth elements in scavenging free radicals and protecting against oxidative damage. The potential of CeO2NPs to protect testosterone synthesis in primary mouse Leydig cells during exposure to 1,800 MHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation was examined in vitro.Methods: Leydig cells were treated with different concentrations of CeO2NPs to identify the optimum concentration for cell proliferation. The cells were pretreated with the optimum dose of CeO2NPs for 24 hrs and then exposed to 1,800 MHz RF at a power density of 200.27 μW/cm2, (specific absorption rate (SAR), 0.116 W/kg) for 1 hr, 2 hrs, or 4 hrs. The medium was used to measure the testosterone concentration. The cells were collected to determine the antioxidant indices (catalase [CAT], malondialdehyde [MDA], and total antioxidant capacity [T-AOC]), and the mRNA expression of the testosterone synthase genes (Star, Cyp11a1, and Hsd-3β) and clock genes (Clock, Bmal1, and Rorα).Results: Our preliminary result showed that 128 μg/mL CeO2NPs was the optimum dose for cell proliferation. Cells exposed to RF alone showed reduced levels of testosterone, T-AOC, and CAT activities, increased MDA content, and the downregulated genes expression of Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd-3β, Clock, Bmal1, and Rorα. Pretreatment of the cells with 128 μg/mL CeO2NPs for 24 hrs followed by RF exposure significantly increased testosterone synthesis, upregulated the expression of the testosterone synthase and clock genes, and increased the resistance to oxidative damage in Leydig cells compared with those in cells exposed to RF alone.Conclusion: Exposure to 1,800 MHz RF had adverse effects on testosterone synthesis, antioxidant levels, and clock gene expression in primary Leydig cells. Pretreatment with CeO2NPs prevented the adverse effects on testosterone synthesis induced by RF exposure by regulating their antioxidant capacity and clock gene expression in vitro. Further studies of the mechanism underlying the protective function of CeO2NPs against RF in the male reproductive system are required.Keywords: CeO2NPs radiofrequency radiation, Leydig cell, testosterone synthesis, clock genes, antioxidant |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T13:50:08Z |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T13:50:08Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Nanomedicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-5f8fb0841cf8467291bac5f88ea0b8652022-12-21T22:59:08ZengDove Medical PressInternational Journal of Nanomedicine1178-20132019-06-01Volume 144601461146616CeO2NPs relieve radiofrequency radiation, improve testosterone synthesis, and clock gene expression in Leydig cells by enhancing antioxidationQin FShen TCao HQian JZou DYe MPei HFenju Qin,1,2 Tao Shen,1 Honglong Cao,3 Junchao Qian,4 Dan Zou,1 Mingkang Ye,1 Hailong Pei21Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Electronic & Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People’s Republic of China; 4Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People’s Republic of ChinaIntroduction: The ratio of Ce3+,/Ce4+, in their structure confers unique functions on cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) containing rare earth elements in scavenging free radicals and protecting against oxidative damage. The potential of CeO2NPs to protect testosterone synthesis in primary mouse Leydig cells during exposure to 1,800 MHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation was examined in vitro.Methods: Leydig cells were treated with different concentrations of CeO2NPs to identify the optimum concentration for cell proliferation. The cells were pretreated with the optimum dose of CeO2NPs for 24 hrs and then exposed to 1,800 MHz RF at a power density of 200.27 μW/cm2, (specific absorption rate (SAR), 0.116 W/kg) for 1 hr, 2 hrs, or 4 hrs. The medium was used to measure the testosterone concentration. The cells were collected to determine the antioxidant indices (catalase [CAT], malondialdehyde [MDA], and total antioxidant capacity [T-AOC]), and the mRNA expression of the testosterone synthase genes (Star, Cyp11a1, and Hsd-3β) and clock genes (Clock, Bmal1, and Rorα).Results: Our preliminary result showed that 128 μg/mL CeO2NPs was the optimum dose for cell proliferation. Cells exposed to RF alone showed reduced levels of testosterone, T-AOC, and CAT activities, increased MDA content, and the downregulated genes expression of Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd-3β, Clock, Bmal1, and Rorα. Pretreatment of the cells with 128 μg/mL CeO2NPs for 24 hrs followed by RF exposure significantly increased testosterone synthesis, upregulated the expression of the testosterone synthase and clock genes, and increased the resistance to oxidative damage in Leydig cells compared with those in cells exposed to RF alone.Conclusion: Exposure to 1,800 MHz RF had adverse effects on testosterone synthesis, antioxidant levels, and clock gene expression in primary Leydig cells. Pretreatment with CeO2NPs prevented the adverse effects on testosterone synthesis induced by RF exposure by regulating their antioxidant capacity and clock gene expression in vitro. Further studies of the mechanism underlying the protective function of CeO2NPs against RF in the male reproductive system are required.Keywords: CeO2NPs radiofrequency radiation, Leydig cell, testosterone synthesis, clock genes, antioxidanthttps://www.dovepress.com/ceo2nps-relieve-radiofrequency-radiation-improve-testosterone-synthesi-peer-reviewed-article-IJNCeO2 NPsRadiofrequency radiationLeydig cellTestosterone synthesisClock genesAntioxidant |
| spellingShingle | Qin F Shen T Cao H Qian J Zou D Ye M Pei H CeO2NPs relieve radiofrequency radiation, improve testosterone synthesis, and clock gene expression in Leydig cells by enhancing antioxidation International Journal of Nanomedicine CeO2 NPs Radiofrequency radiation Leydig cell Testosterone synthesis Clock genes Antioxidant |
| title | CeO2NPs relieve radiofrequency radiation, improve testosterone synthesis, and clock gene expression in Leydig cells by enhancing antioxidation |
| title_full | CeO2NPs relieve radiofrequency radiation, improve testosterone synthesis, and clock gene expression in Leydig cells by enhancing antioxidation |
| title_fullStr | CeO2NPs relieve radiofrequency radiation, improve testosterone synthesis, and clock gene expression in Leydig cells by enhancing antioxidation |
| title_full_unstemmed | CeO2NPs relieve radiofrequency radiation, improve testosterone synthesis, and clock gene expression in Leydig cells by enhancing antioxidation |
| title_short | CeO2NPs relieve radiofrequency radiation, improve testosterone synthesis, and clock gene expression in Leydig cells by enhancing antioxidation |
| title_sort | ceo2nps relieve radiofrequency radiation improve testosterone synthesis and clock gene expression in leydig cells by enhancing antioxidation |
| topic | CeO2 NPs Radiofrequency radiation Leydig cell Testosterone synthesis Clock genes Antioxidant |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/ceo2nps-relieve-radiofrequency-radiation-improve-testosterone-synthesi-peer-reviewed-article-IJN |
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