Ha Long—Cam Pha Cities Evolution Analysis Utilizing Remote Sensing Data
Socio-economic development has promoted the modification of land cover patterns in the coastal area of Ha Long, Cam Pha cities since the 1990s. The urban growth, together with intensive coal mining activities, has improved the life quality of residents. However, it has also caused many environmental...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1241 |
| _version_ | 1797473845222834176 |
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| author | Giang Cong Nguyen Khac Vu Dang Tuan Anh Vu Anh Khac Nguyen Christiane Weber |
| author_facet | Giang Cong Nguyen Khac Vu Dang Tuan Anh Vu Anh Khac Nguyen Christiane Weber |
| author_sort | Giang Cong Nguyen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Socio-economic development has promoted the modification of land cover patterns in the coastal area of Ha Long, Cam Pha cities since the 1990s. The urban growth, together with intensive coal mining activities, has improved the life quality of residents. However, it has also caused many environmental problems in this region. Change detection techniques based on post-classification comparison were applied for monitoring the spatial and temporal evolution of land covers. The confusion matrix for 2001 and 2019 showed high overall accuracy (97.99%, 94.95%) and Kappa coefficient (0.97, 0.92), respectively. Statistics from classified images have revealed that man-made features increased by about 15.32%, while natural features, mangrove jungles, and water bodies decreased 10.64%, 1.96%, 2.72%, respectively, and urban evolution presents various dynamics, soft in the first period (1991–2001), but stronger in the second period (2001–2019) with different characteristics. The study also expresses the constraint of topographic and geologic resources, which have prevented the urban development in this coastal area. Such obtained results are very important for understanding interactions and relations between natural and human phenomena and they may help authorities by providing indicators and maps able to highlight necessary actions for sustainable development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:23:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5f8fefa96a0742388b53ea4f4f9b57f0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:23:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-5f8fefa96a0742388b53ea4f4f9b57f02023-11-23T23:43:40ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-03-01145124110.3390/rs14051241Ha Long—Cam Pha Cities Evolution Analysis Utilizing Remote Sensing DataGiang Cong Nguyen0Khac Vu Dang1Tuan Anh Vu2Anh Khac Nguyen3Christiane Weber4Faculty of Civil Engineering, Hanoi Architecture University, Hanoi 12109, VietnamFaculty of Geography, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 11310, VietnamVietnam National Space Center, Academy of Sciences and Technologies, Hanoi 11307, VietnamFaculty of Geography, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 11310, VietnamTerritoires Environnement Télédétection et Information Spatiale, CNRS, Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, FranceSocio-economic development has promoted the modification of land cover patterns in the coastal area of Ha Long, Cam Pha cities since the 1990s. The urban growth, together with intensive coal mining activities, has improved the life quality of residents. However, it has also caused many environmental problems in this region. Change detection techniques based on post-classification comparison were applied for monitoring the spatial and temporal evolution of land covers. The confusion matrix for 2001 and 2019 showed high overall accuracy (97.99%, 94.95%) and Kappa coefficient (0.97, 0.92), respectively. Statistics from classified images have revealed that man-made features increased by about 15.32%, while natural features, mangrove jungles, and water bodies decreased 10.64%, 1.96%, 2.72%, respectively, and urban evolution presents various dynamics, soft in the first period (1991–2001), but stronger in the second period (2001–2019) with different characteristics. The study also expresses the constraint of topographic and geologic resources, which have prevented the urban development in this coastal area. Such obtained results are very important for understanding interactions and relations between natural and human phenomena and they may help authorities by providing indicators and maps able to highlight necessary actions for sustainable development.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1241Landsat imageryurban growthchange detectionurban suitabilityimage classification |
| spellingShingle | Giang Cong Nguyen Khac Vu Dang Tuan Anh Vu Anh Khac Nguyen Christiane Weber Ha Long—Cam Pha Cities Evolution Analysis Utilizing Remote Sensing Data Remote Sensing Landsat imagery urban growth change detection urban suitability image classification |
| title | Ha Long—Cam Pha Cities Evolution Analysis Utilizing Remote Sensing Data |
| title_full | Ha Long—Cam Pha Cities Evolution Analysis Utilizing Remote Sensing Data |
| title_fullStr | Ha Long—Cam Pha Cities Evolution Analysis Utilizing Remote Sensing Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ha Long—Cam Pha Cities Evolution Analysis Utilizing Remote Sensing Data |
| title_short | Ha Long—Cam Pha Cities Evolution Analysis Utilizing Remote Sensing Data |
| title_sort | ha long cam pha cities evolution analysis utilizing remote sensing data |
| topic | Landsat imagery urban growth change detection urban suitability image classification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/5/1241 |
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