High Expression of COX-2 Associated with the Depth of Invasion on Acral Melanoma by Increasing TGF-β1
Nastassa Gipsyianti, Afiati Aziz, Bethy S Hernowo, Hermin A Usman Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Hermin A UsmanDepartment of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjad...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/high-expression-of-cox-2-associated-with-the-depth-of-invasion-on-acra-peer-reviewed-article-CCID |
| _version_ | 1818733249153728512 |
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| author | Gipsyianti N Aziz A Hernowo BS Usman HA |
| author_facet | Gipsyianti N Aziz A Hernowo BS Usman HA |
| author_sort | Gipsyianti N |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nastassa Gipsyianti, Afiati Aziz, Bethy S Hernowo, Hermin A Usman Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Hermin A UsmanDepartment of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, IndonesiaEmail hermin.seroja@gmail.comIntroduction: Acral melanoma (AM) has a poor prognosis since it is easily metastatic and resistant to chemo and immunotherapy. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme that plays a role in the carcinogenesis process. The increased expression of COX-2 has an impact on increasing levels of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell (MDSC), which is a key regulator of immune. The increase in MDSC produces Transforming Growth Factor β 1 (TGF-β 1), which will suppress Natural Killer (NK) cells and Dendritic Cells (DC) function so that tumor cells are spared from the immune systems and are easier to invade surrounding tissues.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the role of COX-2 and TGF-β 1 on the depth of invasion on AM.Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational study on 40 paraffin blocks of AM cases during 2014– 2019 in the Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. The depth of invasion of all samples was measured by dotSlide imaging software and the immunohistochemical staining of COX-2 and TGF-β 1 was performed. The association between COX-2 and TGF-β 1 expression and AM depth of invasion were analyzed using Mann Whitney.Results: The result showed a significant association between COX-2 and TGF-β 1 expression and depth of invasion on AM. COX-2 expression had a significant association with TGF-β 1 expression (0.0001). Through multivariate analysis, it was found that COX-2 had the greatest association with the depth of invasion (p=0.0001).Conclusion: The findings showed that increasing expression of COX-2 in AM is associated with the depth of invasion by increasing TGF-β 1 and it might play important roles during the invasion process of AM.Keywords: acral melanoma, COX-2, depth of invasion, TGF-β 1 |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T23:46:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5f9ab17de67a47d4a6fa4c9a08e33d5e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-7015 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T23:46:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology |
| spelling | doaj.art-5f9ab17de67a47d4a6fa4c9a08e33d5e2022-12-21T21:28:18ZengDove Medical PressClinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology1178-70152021-03-01Volume 1420921662719High Expression of COX-2 Associated with the Depth of Invasion on Acral Melanoma by Increasing TGF-β1Gipsyianti NAziz AHernowo BSUsman HANastassa Gipsyianti, Afiati Aziz, Bethy S Hernowo, Hermin A Usman Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Hermin A UsmanDepartment of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, IndonesiaEmail hermin.seroja@gmail.comIntroduction: Acral melanoma (AM) has a poor prognosis since it is easily metastatic and resistant to chemo and immunotherapy. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme that plays a role in the carcinogenesis process. The increased expression of COX-2 has an impact on increasing levels of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell (MDSC), which is a key regulator of immune. The increase in MDSC produces Transforming Growth Factor β 1 (TGF-β 1), which will suppress Natural Killer (NK) cells and Dendritic Cells (DC) function so that tumor cells are spared from the immune systems and are easier to invade surrounding tissues.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the role of COX-2 and TGF-β 1 on the depth of invasion on AM.Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational study on 40 paraffin blocks of AM cases during 2014– 2019 in the Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. The depth of invasion of all samples was measured by dotSlide imaging software and the immunohistochemical staining of COX-2 and TGF-β 1 was performed. The association between COX-2 and TGF-β 1 expression and AM depth of invasion were analyzed using Mann Whitney.Results: The result showed a significant association between COX-2 and TGF-β 1 expression and depth of invasion on AM. COX-2 expression had a significant association with TGF-β 1 expression (0.0001). Through multivariate analysis, it was found that COX-2 had the greatest association with the depth of invasion (p=0.0001).Conclusion: The findings showed that increasing expression of COX-2 in AM is associated with the depth of invasion by increasing TGF-β 1 and it might play important roles during the invasion process of AM.Keywords: acral melanoma, COX-2, depth of invasion, TGF-β 1https://www.dovepress.com/high-expression-of-cox-2-associated-with-the-depth-of-invasion-on-acra-peer-reviewed-article-CCIDacral melanomacox-2depth of invasiontgf-β1 |
| spellingShingle | Gipsyianti N Aziz A Hernowo BS Usman HA High Expression of COX-2 Associated with the Depth of Invasion on Acral Melanoma by Increasing TGF-β1 Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology acral melanoma cox-2 depth of invasion tgf-β1 |
| title | High Expression of COX-2 Associated with the Depth of Invasion on Acral Melanoma by Increasing TGF-β1 |
| title_full | High Expression of COX-2 Associated with the Depth of Invasion on Acral Melanoma by Increasing TGF-β1 |
| title_fullStr | High Expression of COX-2 Associated with the Depth of Invasion on Acral Melanoma by Increasing TGF-β1 |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Expression of COX-2 Associated with the Depth of Invasion on Acral Melanoma by Increasing TGF-β1 |
| title_short | High Expression of COX-2 Associated with the Depth of Invasion on Acral Melanoma by Increasing TGF-β1 |
| title_sort | high expression of cox 2 associated with the depth of invasion on acral melanoma by increasing tgf beta 1 |
| topic | acral melanoma cox-2 depth of invasion tgf-β1 |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/high-expression-of-cox-2-associated-with-the-depth-of-invasion-on-acra-peer-reviewed-article-CCID |
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