Animal Protein Sources as a Substitute for Fishmeal in Aquaculture Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Fishmeal is the main source of dietary protein for most commercially farmed fish species. However, fishmeal prices have been raised even further because of competition with domestic animals, shortage in world fishmeal supply, and increased demand. Increased fishmeal prices have contributed to the qu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/9/3854 |
| _version_ | 1797536448775192576 |
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| author | Rendani Luthada-Raswiswi Samson Mukaratirwa Gordon O’Brien |
| author_facet | Rendani Luthada-Raswiswi Samson Mukaratirwa Gordon O’Brien |
| author_sort | Rendani Luthada-Raswiswi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fishmeal is the main source of dietary protein for most commercially farmed fish species. However, fishmeal prices have been raised even further because of competition with domestic animals, shortage in world fishmeal supply, and increased demand. Increased fishmeal prices have contributed to the quest for alternatives necessary to replace fishmeal as a global research priority. A literature search was conducted using these terms on Google Scholar and EBSCOhost; fishmeal replacement in fish feeds, fishmeal alternatives in fish feeds, animal protein sources in aquaculture, insects in fish feeds, terrestrial by-products, and fishery by-products. To calculate the variation between experiments, a random effect model was used. Results indicated that different fish species, sizes, and inclusion levels were used in the various studies and showed that the use of insects, terrestrial by-products, and fishery by-products has some limitations. Despite these drawbacks, the use of animal protein sources as a replacement for fishmeal in fish diets has had a positive impact on the feed conversion ratio, variable growth rate, final weight, and survival rate of different types of fish species of different size groups. Findings also showed that some animal by-products had not been assessed as a protein source in aquaculture or animal feeds, and future studies are recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:00:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5f9fb868a9c642ffa639c15a3d37ba93 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:00:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5f9fb868a9c642ffa639c15a3d37ba932023-11-21T16:59:04ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-04-01119385410.3390/app11093854Animal Protein Sources as a Substitute for Fishmeal in Aquaculture Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisRendani Luthada-Raswiswi0Samson Mukaratirwa1Gordon O’Brien2School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Pietermaritzburg, University of KwaZulu Natal, Scottsville 3209, South AfricaSchool of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4001, South AfricaSchool of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Pietermaritzburg, University of KwaZulu Natal, Scottsville 3209, South AfricaFishmeal is the main source of dietary protein for most commercially farmed fish species. However, fishmeal prices have been raised even further because of competition with domestic animals, shortage in world fishmeal supply, and increased demand. Increased fishmeal prices have contributed to the quest for alternatives necessary to replace fishmeal as a global research priority. A literature search was conducted using these terms on Google Scholar and EBSCOhost; fishmeal replacement in fish feeds, fishmeal alternatives in fish feeds, animal protein sources in aquaculture, insects in fish feeds, terrestrial by-products, and fishery by-products. To calculate the variation between experiments, a random effect model was used. Results indicated that different fish species, sizes, and inclusion levels were used in the various studies and showed that the use of insects, terrestrial by-products, and fishery by-products has some limitations. Despite these drawbacks, the use of animal protein sources as a replacement for fishmeal in fish diets has had a positive impact on the feed conversion ratio, variable growth rate, final weight, and survival rate of different types of fish species of different size groups. Findings also showed that some animal by-products had not been assessed as a protein source in aquaculture or animal feeds, and future studies are recommended.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/9/3854aquacultureanimal protein sourcesfishfishmealfeeds |
| spellingShingle | Rendani Luthada-Raswiswi Samson Mukaratirwa Gordon O’Brien Animal Protein Sources as a Substitute for Fishmeal in Aquaculture Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Applied Sciences aquaculture animal protein sources fish fishmeal feeds |
| title | Animal Protein Sources as a Substitute for Fishmeal in Aquaculture Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Animal Protein Sources as a Substitute for Fishmeal in Aquaculture Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Animal Protein Sources as a Substitute for Fishmeal in Aquaculture Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Animal Protein Sources as a Substitute for Fishmeal in Aquaculture Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Animal Protein Sources as a Substitute for Fishmeal in Aquaculture Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | animal protein sources as a substitute for fishmeal in aquaculture diets a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | aquaculture animal protein sources fish fishmeal feeds |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/9/3854 |
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