Synthetic CT in Carbon Ion Radiotherapy of the Abdominal Site
The generation of synthetic CT for carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) applications is challenging, since high accuracy is required in treatment planning and delivery, especially in an anatomical site as complex as the abdomen. Thirty-nine abdominal MRI-CT volume pairs were collected and a three-channel...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | Bioengineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/2/250 |
| _version_ | 1797622280137736192 |
|---|---|
| author | Giovanni Parrella Alessandro Vai Anestis Nakas Noemi Garau Giorgia Meschini Francesca Camagni Silvia Molinelli Amelia Barcellini Andrea Pella Mario Ciocca Viviana Vitolo Ester Orlandi Chiara Paganelli Guido Baroni |
| author_facet | Giovanni Parrella Alessandro Vai Anestis Nakas Noemi Garau Giorgia Meschini Francesca Camagni Silvia Molinelli Amelia Barcellini Andrea Pella Mario Ciocca Viviana Vitolo Ester Orlandi Chiara Paganelli Guido Baroni |
| author_sort | Giovanni Parrella |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The generation of synthetic CT for carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) applications is challenging, since high accuracy is required in treatment planning and delivery, especially in an anatomical site as complex as the abdomen. Thirty-nine abdominal MRI-CT volume pairs were collected and a three-channel cGAN (accounting for air, bones, soft tissues) was used to generate sCTs. The network was tested on five held-out MRI volumes for two scenarios: (i) a CT-based segmentation of the MRI channels, to assess the quality of sCTs and (ii) an MRI manual segmentation, to simulate an MRI-only treatment scenario. The sCTs were evaluated by means of similarity metrics (e.g., mean absolute error, MAE) and geometrical criteria (e.g., dice coefficient). Recalculated CIRT plans were evaluated through dose volume histogram, gamma analysis and range shift analysis. The CT-based test set presented optimal MAE on bones (86.03 ± 10.76 HU), soft tissues (55.39 ± 3.41 HU) and air (54.42 ± 11.48 HU). Higher values were obtained from the MRI-only test set (MAE<sub>BONE</sub> = 154.87 ± 22.90 HU). The global gamma pass rate reached 94.88 ± 4.9% with 3%/3 mm, while the range shift reached a median (IQR) of 0.98 (3.64) mm. The three-channel cGAN can generate acceptable abdominal sCTs and allow for CIRT dose recalculations comparable to the clinical plans. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:07:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5faaf4f71a804c5fbf0d090970149188 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:07:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-5faaf4f71a804c5fbf0d0909701491882023-11-16T19:11:47ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542023-02-0110225010.3390/bioengineering10020250Synthetic CT in Carbon Ion Radiotherapy of the Abdominal SiteGiovanni Parrella0Alessandro Vai1Anestis Nakas2Noemi Garau3Giorgia Meschini4Francesca Camagni5Silvia Molinelli6Amelia Barcellini7Andrea Pella8Mario Ciocca9Viviana Vitolo10Ester Orlandi11Chiara Paganelli12Guido Baroni13Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, ItalyMedical Physics Unit, National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Strada Campeggi, 53, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, ItalyMedical Physics Unit, National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Strada Campeggi, 53, 27100 Pavia, ItalyRadiotherapy Unit, National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Strada Campeggi, 53, 27100 Pavia, ItalyBioengineering Unit, National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Strada Campeggi, 53, 27100 Pavia, ItalyMedical Physics Unit, National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Strada Campeggi, 53, 27100 Pavia, ItalyRadiotherapy Unit, National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Strada Campeggi, 53, 27100 Pavia, ItalyClinical Unit, National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Strada Campeggi, 53, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, ItalyThe generation of synthetic CT for carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) applications is challenging, since high accuracy is required in treatment planning and delivery, especially in an anatomical site as complex as the abdomen. Thirty-nine abdominal MRI-CT volume pairs were collected and a three-channel cGAN (accounting for air, bones, soft tissues) was used to generate sCTs. The network was tested on five held-out MRI volumes for two scenarios: (i) a CT-based segmentation of the MRI channels, to assess the quality of sCTs and (ii) an MRI manual segmentation, to simulate an MRI-only treatment scenario. The sCTs were evaluated by means of similarity metrics (e.g., mean absolute error, MAE) and geometrical criteria (e.g., dice coefficient). Recalculated CIRT plans were evaluated through dose volume histogram, gamma analysis and range shift analysis. The CT-based test set presented optimal MAE on bones (86.03 ± 10.76 HU), soft tissues (55.39 ± 3.41 HU) and air (54.42 ± 11.48 HU). Higher values were obtained from the MRI-only test set (MAE<sub>BONE</sub> = 154.87 ± 22.90 HU). The global gamma pass rate reached 94.88 ± 4.9% with 3%/3 mm, while the range shift reached a median (IQR) of 0.98 (3.64) mm. The three-channel cGAN can generate acceptable abdominal sCTs and allow for CIRT dose recalculations comparable to the clinical plans.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/2/250synthetic CTMRI guidanceMRI-onlyimage-guided radiotherapycarbon ion radiotherapyparticle therapy |
| spellingShingle | Giovanni Parrella Alessandro Vai Anestis Nakas Noemi Garau Giorgia Meschini Francesca Camagni Silvia Molinelli Amelia Barcellini Andrea Pella Mario Ciocca Viviana Vitolo Ester Orlandi Chiara Paganelli Guido Baroni Synthetic CT in Carbon Ion Radiotherapy of the Abdominal Site Bioengineering synthetic CT MRI guidance MRI-only image-guided radiotherapy carbon ion radiotherapy particle therapy |
| title | Synthetic CT in Carbon Ion Radiotherapy of the Abdominal Site |
| title_full | Synthetic CT in Carbon Ion Radiotherapy of the Abdominal Site |
| title_fullStr | Synthetic CT in Carbon Ion Radiotherapy of the Abdominal Site |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthetic CT in Carbon Ion Radiotherapy of the Abdominal Site |
| title_short | Synthetic CT in Carbon Ion Radiotherapy of the Abdominal Site |
| title_sort | synthetic ct in carbon ion radiotherapy of the abdominal site |
| topic | synthetic CT MRI guidance MRI-only image-guided radiotherapy carbon ion radiotherapy particle therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/2/250 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT giovanniparrella syntheticctincarbonionradiotherapyoftheabdominalsite AT alessandrovai syntheticctincarbonionradiotherapyoftheabdominalsite AT anestisnakas syntheticctincarbonionradiotherapyoftheabdominalsite AT noemigarau syntheticctincarbonionradiotherapyoftheabdominalsite AT giorgiameschini syntheticctincarbonionradiotherapyoftheabdominalsite AT francescacamagni syntheticctincarbonionradiotherapyoftheabdominalsite AT silviamolinelli syntheticctincarbonionradiotherapyoftheabdominalsite AT ameliabarcellini syntheticctincarbonionradiotherapyoftheabdominalsite AT andreapella syntheticctincarbonionradiotherapyoftheabdominalsite AT mariociocca syntheticctincarbonionradiotherapyoftheabdominalsite AT vivianavitolo syntheticctincarbonionradiotherapyoftheabdominalsite AT esterorlandi syntheticctincarbonionradiotherapyoftheabdominalsite AT chiarapaganelli syntheticctincarbonionradiotherapyoftheabdominalsite AT guidobaroni syntheticctincarbonionradiotherapyoftheabdominalsite |