An Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Vaccinations are one of the most important preventive tools against infectious diseases. Over time, many different types of vaccines have been developed concerning the antigen component. Adjuvants are essential elements that increase the efficacy of vaccination practises through many different actio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/5/819 |
| _version_ | 1797494791053770752 |
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| author | Alessio Facciolà Giuseppa Visalli Antonio Laganà Angela Di Pietro |
| author_facet | Alessio Facciolà Giuseppa Visalli Antonio Laganà Angela Di Pietro |
| author_sort | Alessio Facciolà |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vaccinations are one of the most important preventive tools against infectious diseases. Over time, many different types of vaccines have been developed concerning the antigen component. Adjuvants are essential elements that increase the efficacy of vaccination practises through many different actions, especially acting as carriers, depots, and stimulators of immune responses. For many years, few adjuvants have been included in vaccines, with aluminium salts being the most commonly used adjuvant. However, recent research has focused its attention on many different new compounds with effective adjuvant properties and improved safety. Modern technologies such as nanotechnologies and molecular biology have forcefully entered the production processes of both antigen and adjuvant components, thereby improving vaccine efficacy. Microparticles, emulsions, and immune stimulators are currently in the spotlight for their huge potential in vaccine production. Although studies have reported some potential side effects of vaccine adjuvants such as the recently recognised ASIA syndrome, the huge worth of vaccines remains unquestionable. Indeed, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of vaccines, especially in regard to managing future potential pandemics. In this field, research into adjuvants could play a leading role in the production of increasingly effective vaccines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:39:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5fac4595a159460c8c801d7d8f5a6813 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:39:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-5fac4595a159460c8c801d7d8f5a68132023-11-23T13:27:47ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-05-0110581910.3390/vaccines10050819An Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Current Evidence and Future PerspectivesAlessio Facciolà0Giuseppa Visalli1Antonio Laganà2Angela Di Pietro3Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyVaccinations are one of the most important preventive tools against infectious diseases. Over time, many different types of vaccines have been developed concerning the antigen component. Adjuvants are essential elements that increase the efficacy of vaccination practises through many different actions, especially acting as carriers, depots, and stimulators of immune responses. For many years, few adjuvants have been included in vaccines, with aluminium salts being the most commonly used adjuvant. However, recent research has focused its attention on many different new compounds with effective adjuvant properties and improved safety. Modern technologies such as nanotechnologies and molecular biology have forcefully entered the production processes of both antigen and adjuvant components, thereby improving vaccine efficacy. Microparticles, emulsions, and immune stimulators are currently in the spotlight for their huge potential in vaccine production. Although studies have reported some potential side effects of vaccine adjuvants such as the recently recognised ASIA syndrome, the huge worth of vaccines remains unquestionable. Indeed, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of vaccines, especially in regard to managing future potential pandemics. In this field, research into adjuvants could play a leading role in the production of increasingly effective vaccines.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/5/819vaccinationadjuvantsmodern technologiesfuture perspectives |
| spellingShingle | Alessio Facciolà Giuseppa Visalli Antonio Laganà Angela Di Pietro An Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives Vaccines vaccination adjuvants modern technologies future perspectives |
| title | An Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives |
| title_full | An Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | An Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives |
| title_short | An Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives |
| title_sort | overview of vaccine adjuvants current evidence and future perspectives |
| topic | vaccination adjuvants modern technologies future perspectives |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/5/819 |
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