Costs of parthenogenesis on growth and longevity in ex situ zebra sharks Stegostoma tigrinum
The zebra shark Stegostoma tigrinum, a popular aquarium fish, is an endangered species that is known to readily reproduce both sexually and through facultative parthenogenesis while in human care. Artificial insemination trials that took place between 2011 and 2013 resulted in the hatching of 2 sexu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Inter-Research
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Endangered Species Research |
| Online Access: | https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/esr/v50/p81-91/ |
| _version_ | 1797870240635289600 |
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| author | L Adams K Lyons J Monday E Larkin J Wyffels |
| author_facet | L Adams K Lyons J Monday E Larkin J Wyffels |
| author_sort | L Adams |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The zebra shark Stegostoma tigrinum, a popular aquarium fish, is an endangered species that is known to readily reproduce both sexually and through facultative parthenogenesis while in human care. Artificial insemination trials that took place between 2011 and 2013 resulted in the hatching of 2 sexually produced (herein heterozygotes) and 10 parthenogenetic sharks that allowed for a retrospective comparison of growth, feeding and longevity between offspring produced from 2 distinct reproductive modes. Parthenogenetic offspring were generally smaller at hatch than their heterozygous counterparts and, after the first several months post-hatch, failed to increase in mass and length at the same rate as heterozygotes. Parthenogenetic offspring exhibited non-normal swimming behaviors such as spiraling, spy hopping and head standing, which may have been correlated with a gradual decline in the ability of some sharks to properly suction feed. Median lifespan for the parthenotes was 1.05 yr (range: 0.27-6.64 yr); one of the heterozygotes lived to 2.37 yr of age, and the other was alive at the time of this writing in August 2022 and had reached reproductive maturity. By contrast, the 2 longest surviving parthenotes perished just prior to reaching sexual maturity (~5.5 and ~6.5 yr). Parthenogenesis has been documented among ex situ S. tigrinum maintained in aquariums across the globe, and this study demonstrates substantial negative costs to fitness in parthenogenetic offspring compared with their heterozygous siblings. The reduced fitness of parthenotes has implications for managing populations in human care as well as for in situ conservation efforts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T00:25:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5fb00362e5414f00a573ec4218174dd1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1863-5407 1613-4796 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T00:25:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Inter-Research |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Endangered Species Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-5fb00362e5414f00a573ec4218174dd12023-03-15T10:42:03ZengInter-ResearchEndangered Species Research1863-54071613-47962023-02-0150819110.3354/esr01224Costs of parthenogenesis on growth and longevity in ex situ zebra sharks Stegostoma tigrinumL Adams0K Lyons1J Monday2E Larkin3J Wyffels4Aquarium of the Pacific, 100 Aquarium Way, Long Beach, CA 90802, USAGeorgia Aquarium, 225 Baker Street, Atlanta, GA 30313, USAAquarium of the Pacific, 100 Aquarium Way, Long Beach, CA 90802, USAAquarium of the Pacific, 100 Aquarium Way, Long Beach, CA 90802, USADelaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USAThe zebra shark Stegostoma tigrinum, a popular aquarium fish, is an endangered species that is known to readily reproduce both sexually and through facultative parthenogenesis while in human care. Artificial insemination trials that took place between 2011 and 2013 resulted in the hatching of 2 sexually produced (herein heterozygotes) and 10 parthenogenetic sharks that allowed for a retrospective comparison of growth, feeding and longevity between offspring produced from 2 distinct reproductive modes. Parthenogenetic offspring were generally smaller at hatch than their heterozygous counterparts and, after the first several months post-hatch, failed to increase in mass and length at the same rate as heterozygotes. Parthenogenetic offspring exhibited non-normal swimming behaviors such as spiraling, spy hopping and head standing, which may have been correlated with a gradual decline in the ability of some sharks to properly suction feed. Median lifespan for the parthenotes was 1.05 yr (range: 0.27-6.64 yr); one of the heterozygotes lived to 2.37 yr of age, and the other was alive at the time of this writing in August 2022 and had reached reproductive maturity. By contrast, the 2 longest surviving parthenotes perished just prior to reaching sexual maturity (~5.5 and ~6.5 yr). Parthenogenesis has been documented among ex situ S. tigrinum maintained in aquariums across the globe, and this study demonstrates substantial negative costs to fitness in parthenogenetic offspring compared with their heterozygous siblings. The reduced fitness of parthenotes has implications for managing populations in human care as well as for in situ conservation efforts.https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/esr/v50/p81-91/ |
| spellingShingle | L Adams K Lyons J Monday E Larkin J Wyffels Costs of parthenogenesis on growth and longevity in ex situ zebra sharks Stegostoma tigrinum Endangered Species Research |
| title | Costs of parthenogenesis on growth and longevity in ex situ zebra sharks Stegostoma tigrinum |
| title_full | Costs of parthenogenesis on growth and longevity in ex situ zebra sharks Stegostoma tigrinum |
| title_fullStr | Costs of parthenogenesis on growth and longevity in ex situ zebra sharks Stegostoma tigrinum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Costs of parthenogenesis on growth and longevity in ex situ zebra sharks Stegostoma tigrinum |
| title_short | Costs of parthenogenesis on growth and longevity in ex situ zebra sharks Stegostoma tigrinum |
| title_sort | costs of parthenogenesis on growth and longevity in ex situ zebra sharks stegostoma tigrinum |
| url | https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/esr/v50/p81-91/ |
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