Waveguide‐Integrated Two‐Dimensional Material Photodetectors in Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate

Thin‐film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) is a promising platform for optical communications, microwave photonics, and quantum technologies. While many high‐performance devices like electro‐optic modulators and frequency comb sources have been achieved on LNOI platform, it remains challenging to...

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Main Authors: Sha Zhu, Yiwen Zhang, Yi Ren, Yongji Wang, Kunpeng Zhai, Hanke Feng, Ya Jin, Zezhou Lin, Jiaxue Feng, Siyuan Li, Qi Yang, Ning Hua Zhu, Edwin Yue-Bun Pun, Cheng Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley-VCH 2023-07-01
Series:Advanced Photonics Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/adpr.202300045
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author Sha Zhu
Yiwen Zhang
Yi Ren
Yongji Wang
Kunpeng Zhai
Hanke Feng
Ya Jin
Zezhou Lin
Jiaxue Feng
Siyuan Li
Qi Yang
Ning Hua Zhu
Edwin Yue-Bun Pun
Cheng Wang
author_facet Sha Zhu
Yiwen Zhang
Yi Ren
Yongji Wang
Kunpeng Zhai
Hanke Feng
Ya Jin
Zezhou Lin
Jiaxue Feng
Siyuan Li
Qi Yang
Ning Hua Zhu
Edwin Yue-Bun Pun
Cheng Wang
author_sort Sha Zhu
collection DOAJ
description Thin‐film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) is a promising platform for optical communications, microwave photonics, and quantum technologies. While many high‐performance devices like electro‐optic modulators and frequency comb sources have been achieved on LNOI platform, it remains challenging to realize photodetectors (PDs) on LNOI platform using simple and low‐cost fabrication techniques. 2D materials are excellent candidates to achieve photodetection since they feature strong light‐matter interaction, excellent mechanical flexibility, and potential large‐scale complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor‐compatible fabrication. Herein, this demand is addressed using an LNOI‐2D material platform, and two types of high‐performance LNOI waveguide‐integrated 2D material PDs, namely graphene and tellurium (Te), are addressed. Specifically, the LNOI‐graphene PDs feature broadband operations at telecom and visible wavelengths, high normalized photocurrent‐to‐dark current ratios up to 3 × 106 W−1, and large 3‐dB photoelectric bandwidths of ≈40 GHz, simultaneously. The LNOI‐Te PDs on the other hand provide ultrahigh responsivities of 7 A W−1 under 0.5 V bias for telecom signals while supporting GHz frequency responses. The results show that the versatile properties of 2D materials and their excellent compatibility with LNOI waveguides could provide important low‐cost solutions for system operating point monitoring and high‐speed photoelectric conversion in future LNOI photonic integrated circuits.
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spelling doaj.art-5fb0161c8a664132ab9219227384fe782023-07-07T02:09:13ZengWiley-VCHAdvanced Photonics Research2699-92932023-07-0147n/an/a10.1002/adpr.202300045Waveguide‐Integrated Two‐Dimensional Material Photodetectors in Thin‐Film Lithium NiobateSha Zhu0Yiwen Zhang1Yi Ren2Yongji Wang3Kunpeng Zhai4Hanke Feng5Ya Jin6Zezhou Lin7Jiaxue Feng8Siyuan Li9Qi Yang10Ning Hua Zhu11Edwin Yue-Bun Pun12Cheng Wang13College of Microelectronics Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 ChinaDepartment of Electrical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 ChinaDepartment of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 ChinaDepartment of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 ChinaState Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 ChinaDepartment of Electrical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 ChinaState Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 ChinaDepartment of Applied Physics and Research Institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong 999077 ChinaCollege of Microelectronics Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 ChinaDepartment of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 ChinaDepartment of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 ChinaState Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 ChinaDepartment of Electrical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 ChinaDepartment of Electrical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 ChinaThin‐film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) is a promising platform for optical communications, microwave photonics, and quantum technologies. While many high‐performance devices like electro‐optic modulators and frequency comb sources have been achieved on LNOI platform, it remains challenging to realize photodetectors (PDs) on LNOI platform using simple and low‐cost fabrication techniques. 2D materials are excellent candidates to achieve photodetection since they feature strong light‐matter interaction, excellent mechanical flexibility, and potential large‐scale complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor‐compatible fabrication. Herein, this demand is addressed using an LNOI‐2D material platform, and two types of high‐performance LNOI waveguide‐integrated 2D material PDs, namely graphene and tellurium (Te), are addressed. Specifically, the LNOI‐graphene PDs feature broadband operations at telecom and visible wavelengths, high normalized photocurrent‐to‐dark current ratios up to 3 × 106 W−1, and large 3‐dB photoelectric bandwidths of ≈40 GHz, simultaneously. The LNOI‐Te PDs on the other hand provide ultrahigh responsivities of 7 A W−1 under 0.5 V bias for telecom signals while supporting GHz frequency responses. The results show that the versatile properties of 2D materials and their excellent compatibility with LNOI waveguides could provide important low‐cost solutions for system operating point monitoring and high‐speed photoelectric conversion in future LNOI photonic integrated circuits.https://doi.org/10.1002/adpr.2023000452D materialsgraphenephotodetectortelluriumthin-film lithium niobate
spellingShingle Sha Zhu
Yiwen Zhang
Yi Ren
Yongji Wang
Kunpeng Zhai
Hanke Feng
Ya Jin
Zezhou Lin
Jiaxue Feng
Siyuan Li
Qi Yang
Ning Hua Zhu
Edwin Yue-Bun Pun
Cheng Wang
Waveguide‐Integrated Two‐Dimensional Material Photodetectors in Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate
Advanced Photonics Research
2D materials
graphene
photodetector
tellurium
thin-film lithium niobate
title Waveguide‐Integrated Two‐Dimensional Material Photodetectors in Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate
title_full Waveguide‐Integrated Two‐Dimensional Material Photodetectors in Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate
title_fullStr Waveguide‐Integrated Two‐Dimensional Material Photodetectors in Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate
title_full_unstemmed Waveguide‐Integrated Two‐Dimensional Material Photodetectors in Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate
title_short Waveguide‐Integrated Two‐Dimensional Material Photodetectors in Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate
title_sort waveguide integrated two dimensional material photodetectors in thin film lithium niobate
topic 2D materials
graphene
photodetector
tellurium
thin-film lithium niobate
url https://doi.org/10.1002/adpr.202300045
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