Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Vaccination Does Not Trigger Early Autoantibody Production in Healthcare Workers
A molecular mimicry between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human proteins supports the possibility that autoimmunity takes place during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contributing to tissue damage. For example, anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been repor...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.930074/full |
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| author | Maria Orietta Borghi Maria Orietta Borghi Mauro Bombaci Caterina Bodio Paola Adele Lonati Andrea Gobbini Mariangela Lorenzo Erminio Torresani Antonella Dubini Ilaria Bulgarelli Francesca Solari Francesca Pregnolato Alessandra Bandera Alessandra Bandera Alessandra Bandera Andrea Gori Andrea Gori Andrea Gori Gianfranco Parati Gianfranco Parati Sergio Abrignani Sergio Abrignani Renata Grifantini Pier Luigi Meroni |
| author_facet | Maria Orietta Borghi Maria Orietta Borghi Mauro Bombaci Caterina Bodio Paola Adele Lonati Andrea Gobbini Mariangela Lorenzo Erminio Torresani Antonella Dubini Ilaria Bulgarelli Francesca Solari Francesca Pregnolato Alessandra Bandera Alessandra Bandera Alessandra Bandera Andrea Gori Andrea Gori Andrea Gori Gianfranco Parati Gianfranco Parati Sergio Abrignani Sergio Abrignani Renata Grifantini Pier Luigi Meroni |
| author_sort | Maria Orietta Borghi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A molecular mimicry between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human proteins supports the possibility that autoimmunity takes place during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contributing to tissue damage. For example, anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been reported in COVID-19 as a result of such mimicry and thought to contribute to the immunothrombosis characteristic of the disease. Consistently, active immunization with the virus spike protein may elicit the production of cross-reactive autoantibodies, including aPL. We prospectively looked at the aPL production in healthcare workers vaccinated with RNA- (BNT162b2, n. 100) or adenovirus-based vaccines (ChAdOx1, n. 50). Anti-cardiolipin, anti-beta2 glycoprotein I, anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM before and after vaccination were investigated. Anti-platelet factor 4 immunoglobulins were also investigated as autoantibodies associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Additional organ (anti-thyroid) and non-organ (anti-nuclear) autoantibodies and IgG against human proteome were tested as further post-vaccination autoimmunity markers. The antibodies were tested one or three months after the first injection of ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2, respectively; a 12-month clinical follow-up was also performed. Vaccination occasionally induced low titers of aPL and other autoantibodies but did not affect the titer of pre-existing autoantibodies. No significant reactivities against a microarray of approximately 20,000 human proteins were found in a subgroup of ChAdOx1-vaccinees. Consistently, we did not record any clinical manifestation theoretically associated with an underlying autoimmune disorder. The data obtained after the vaccination (two doses for the RNA-based and one dose for the adenovirus-based vaccines), and the clinical follow-up are not supporting the occurrence of an early autoimmune response in this cohort of healthcare workers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T02:32:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5fb6aabe8703441cb969853cdbfd7ca0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T02:32:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-5fb6aabe8703441cb969853cdbfd7ca02022-12-22T01:23:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-07-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.930074930074Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Vaccination Does Not Trigger Early Autoantibody Production in Healthcare WorkersMaria Orietta Borghi0Maria Orietta Borghi1Mauro Bombaci2Caterina Bodio3Paola Adele Lonati4Andrea Gobbini5Mariangela Lorenzo6Erminio Torresani7Antonella Dubini8Ilaria Bulgarelli9Francesca Solari10Francesca Pregnolato11Alessandra Bandera12Alessandra Bandera13Alessandra Bandera14Andrea Gori15Andrea Gori16Andrea Gori17Gianfranco Parati18Gianfranco Parati19Sergio Abrignani20Sergio Abrignani21Renata Grifantini22Pier Luigi Meroni23IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyIstituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Padiglione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, ItalyIRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, ItalyIRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, ItalyIstituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Padiglione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, ItalyIstituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Padiglione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, ItalyIRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, ItalyIRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, ItalyIRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, ItalyIRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, ItalyIRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyInfectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, ItalyCentre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyInfectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, ItalyCentre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, ItalyIRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyIstituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Padiglione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, ItalyIstituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Padiglione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, ItalyIRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, ItalyA molecular mimicry between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human proteins supports the possibility that autoimmunity takes place during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contributing to tissue damage. For example, anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been reported in COVID-19 as a result of such mimicry and thought to contribute to the immunothrombosis characteristic of the disease. Consistently, active immunization with the virus spike protein may elicit the production of cross-reactive autoantibodies, including aPL. We prospectively looked at the aPL production in healthcare workers vaccinated with RNA- (BNT162b2, n. 100) or adenovirus-based vaccines (ChAdOx1, n. 50). Anti-cardiolipin, anti-beta2 glycoprotein I, anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM before and after vaccination were investigated. Anti-platelet factor 4 immunoglobulins were also investigated as autoantibodies associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Additional organ (anti-thyroid) and non-organ (anti-nuclear) autoantibodies and IgG against human proteome were tested as further post-vaccination autoimmunity markers. The antibodies were tested one or three months after the first injection of ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2, respectively; a 12-month clinical follow-up was also performed. Vaccination occasionally induced low titers of aPL and other autoantibodies but did not affect the titer of pre-existing autoantibodies. No significant reactivities against a microarray of approximately 20,000 human proteins were found in a subgroup of ChAdOx1-vaccinees. Consistently, we did not record any clinical manifestation theoretically associated with an underlying autoimmune disorder. The data obtained after the vaccination (two doses for the RNA-based and one dose for the adenovirus-based vaccines), and the clinical follow-up are not supporting the occurrence of an early autoimmune response in this cohort of healthcare workers.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.930074/fullanti-phospholipid antibodiesSARS-CoV-2 vaccinationautoimmunityautoantibodiesCOVID-19 |
| spellingShingle | Maria Orietta Borghi Maria Orietta Borghi Mauro Bombaci Caterina Bodio Paola Adele Lonati Andrea Gobbini Mariangela Lorenzo Erminio Torresani Antonella Dubini Ilaria Bulgarelli Francesca Solari Francesca Pregnolato Alessandra Bandera Alessandra Bandera Alessandra Bandera Andrea Gori Andrea Gori Andrea Gori Gianfranco Parati Gianfranco Parati Sergio Abrignani Sergio Abrignani Renata Grifantini Pier Luigi Meroni Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Vaccination Does Not Trigger Early Autoantibody Production in Healthcare Workers Frontiers in Immunology anti-phospholipid antibodies SARS-CoV-2 vaccination autoimmunity autoantibodies COVID-19 |
| title | Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Vaccination Does Not Trigger Early Autoantibody Production in Healthcare Workers |
| title_full | Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Vaccination Does Not Trigger Early Autoantibody Production in Healthcare Workers |
| title_fullStr | Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Vaccination Does Not Trigger Early Autoantibody Production in Healthcare Workers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Vaccination Does Not Trigger Early Autoantibody Production in Healthcare Workers |
| title_short | Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Vaccination Does Not Trigger Early Autoantibody Production in Healthcare Workers |
| title_sort | anti phospholipid antibodies and coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination does not trigger early autoantibody production in healthcare workers |
| topic | anti-phospholipid antibodies SARS-CoV-2 vaccination autoimmunity autoantibodies COVID-19 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.930074/full |
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