Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine breakthrough infections: A single metro-based testing network experience
ObjectivesUnderstanding the incidence and characteristics that influence severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine breakthrough infections (VBIs) is imperative for developing public health policies to mitigate the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We examine...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.1031083/full |
| _version_ | 1797986920023719936 |
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| author | Samantha S. Strickler Annette Esper Leona Wells Anna Wood Jennifer K. Frediani Eric Nehl Jesse J. Waggoner Paulina A. Rebolledo Paulina A. Rebolledo Joshua M. Levy Janet Figueroa Thanuja Ramachandra Wilbur Lam Wilbur Lam Gregory S. Martin |
| author_facet | Samantha S. Strickler Annette Esper Leona Wells Anna Wood Jennifer K. Frediani Eric Nehl Jesse J. Waggoner Paulina A. Rebolledo Paulina A. Rebolledo Joshua M. Levy Janet Figueroa Thanuja Ramachandra Wilbur Lam Wilbur Lam Gregory S. Martin |
| author_sort | Samantha S. Strickler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectivesUnderstanding the incidence and characteristics that influence severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine breakthrough infections (VBIs) is imperative for developing public health policies to mitigate the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We examined these factors and post-vaccination mitigation practices in individuals partially and fully vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2.Materials and methodsAdults >18 years old were voluntarily enrolled from a single metro-based SARS-CoV-2 testing network from January to July 2021. Participants were categorized as asymptomatic or symptomatic, and as unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, or fully vaccinated. All participants had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection based on standard of care (SOC) testing with nasopharyngeal swabs. Variant analysis by rRT-PCR was performed in a subset of time-matched vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. A subgroup of partially and fully vaccinated individuals with a positive SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR was contacted to assess disease severity and post-vaccination mitigation practices.ResultsParticipants (n = 1,317) voluntarily underwent testing for SARS-CoV-2 during the enrollment period. A total of 29.5% of the population received at least one SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (n = 389), 12.8% partially vaccinated (n = 169); 16.1% fully vaccinated (n = 213). A total of 21.3% of partially vaccinated individuals tested positive (n = 36) and 9.4% of fully vaccinated individuals tested positive (n = 20) for SARS-CoV-2. Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA-1273 was the predominant vaccine received (1st dose = 66.8%, 2nd dose = 67.9%). Chronic liver disease and immunosuppression were more prevalent in the vaccinated (partially/fully) group compared to the unvaccinated group (p = 0.003, p = 0.021, respectively). There were more asymptomatic individuals in the vaccinated group compared to the unvaccinated group [n = 6 (10.7%), n = 16 (4.1%), p = 0.045]. CT values were lower for the unvaccinated group (median 24.3, IQR 19.1–30.5) compared to the vaccinated group (29.4, 22.0–33.7, p = 0.004). In the vaccinated group (n = 56), 18 participants were successfully contacted, 7 were lost to follow-up, and 2 were deceased. A total of 50% (n = 9) required hospitalization due to COVID-19 illness. Adherence to nationally endorsed mitigation strategies varied post-vaccination.ConclusionThe incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection at this center was 21.3% in the partially vaccinated group and 9.4% in the fully vaccinated group. Chronic liver disease and immunosuppression were more prevalent in the vaccinated SARS-CoV-2 positive group, suggesting that these may be risk factors for VBIs. Partially and fully vaccinated individuals had a higher incidence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 and higher CT values compared to unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T07:40:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5fb7dfc1117248ca885ba1957f17926f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T07:40:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-5fb7dfc1117248ca885ba1957f17926f2022-12-22T04:36:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2022-11-01910.3389/fmed.2022.10310831031083Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine breakthrough infections: A single metro-based testing network experienceSamantha S. Strickler0Annette Esper1Leona Wells2Anna Wood3Jennifer K. Frediani4Eric Nehl5Jesse J. Waggoner6Paulina A. Rebolledo7Paulina A. Rebolledo8Joshua M. Levy9Janet Figueroa10Thanuja Ramachandra11Wilbur Lam12Wilbur Lam13Gregory S. Martin14School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesSchool of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesSchool of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesSchool of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesNell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesRollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United StatesSchool of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesSchool of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesHubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United StatesSchool of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesSchool of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesSchool of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesSchool of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United StatesSchool of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesObjectivesUnderstanding the incidence and characteristics that influence severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine breakthrough infections (VBIs) is imperative for developing public health policies to mitigate the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We examined these factors and post-vaccination mitigation practices in individuals partially and fully vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2.Materials and methodsAdults >18 years old were voluntarily enrolled from a single metro-based SARS-CoV-2 testing network from January to July 2021. Participants were categorized as asymptomatic or symptomatic, and as unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, or fully vaccinated. All participants had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection based on standard of care (SOC) testing with nasopharyngeal swabs. Variant analysis by rRT-PCR was performed in a subset of time-matched vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. A subgroup of partially and fully vaccinated individuals with a positive SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR was contacted to assess disease severity and post-vaccination mitigation practices.ResultsParticipants (n = 1,317) voluntarily underwent testing for SARS-CoV-2 during the enrollment period. A total of 29.5% of the population received at least one SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (n = 389), 12.8% partially vaccinated (n = 169); 16.1% fully vaccinated (n = 213). A total of 21.3% of partially vaccinated individuals tested positive (n = 36) and 9.4% of fully vaccinated individuals tested positive (n = 20) for SARS-CoV-2. Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA-1273 was the predominant vaccine received (1st dose = 66.8%, 2nd dose = 67.9%). Chronic liver disease and immunosuppression were more prevalent in the vaccinated (partially/fully) group compared to the unvaccinated group (p = 0.003, p = 0.021, respectively). There were more asymptomatic individuals in the vaccinated group compared to the unvaccinated group [n = 6 (10.7%), n = 16 (4.1%), p = 0.045]. CT values were lower for the unvaccinated group (median 24.3, IQR 19.1–30.5) compared to the vaccinated group (29.4, 22.0–33.7, p = 0.004). In the vaccinated group (n = 56), 18 participants were successfully contacted, 7 were lost to follow-up, and 2 were deceased. A total of 50% (n = 9) required hospitalization due to COVID-19 illness. Adherence to nationally endorsed mitigation strategies varied post-vaccination.ConclusionThe incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection at this center was 21.3% in the partially vaccinated group and 9.4% in the fully vaccinated group. Chronic liver disease and immunosuppression were more prevalent in the vaccinated SARS-CoV-2 positive group, suggesting that these may be risk factors for VBIs. Partially and fully vaccinated individuals had a higher incidence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 and higher CT values compared to unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.1031083/fullSARS-CoV-2breakthrough infectionspandemicpartial vaccinationsCOVID-19 vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Samantha S. Strickler Annette Esper Leona Wells Anna Wood Jennifer K. Frediani Eric Nehl Jesse J. Waggoner Paulina A. Rebolledo Paulina A. Rebolledo Joshua M. Levy Janet Figueroa Thanuja Ramachandra Wilbur Lam Wilbur Lam Gregory S. Martin Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine breakthrough infections: A single metro-based testing network experience Frontiers in Medicine SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections pandemic partial vaccinations COVID-19 vaccine |
| title | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine breakthrough infections: A single metro-based testing network experience |
| title_full | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine breakthrough infections: A single metro-based testing network experience |
| title_fullStr | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine breakthrough infections: A single metro-based testing network experience |
| title_full_unstemmed | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine breakthrough infections: A single metro-based testing network experience |
| title_short | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine breakthrough infections: A single metro-based testing network experience |
| title_sort | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine breakthrough infections a single metro based testing network experience |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections pandemic partial vaccinations COVID-19 vaccine |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.1031083/full |
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