Multi-Stage Fitness Test Performance, V˙O2 Peak and Adiposity: Effect on Risk Factors for Cardio-Metabolic Disease in Adolescents
The role of physical activity in determining the metabolic health of adolescents is poorly understood, particularly concerning the effect on low-grade chronic inflammation (chronic elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and acute phase protein CRP, which is implicated in the etio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.00629/full |
| _version_ | 1828371928741576704 |
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| author | Karah J. Dring Simon B. Cooper John G. Morris Caroline Sunderland Gemma A. Foulds Alan Graham Pockley Mary E. Nevill |
| author_facet | Karah J. Dring Simon B. Cooper John G. Morris Caroline Sunderland Gemma A. Foulds Alan Graham Pockley Mary E. Nevill |
| author_sort | Karah J. Dring |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The role of physical activity in determining the metabolic health of adolescents is poorly understood, particularly concerning the effect on low-grade chronic inflammation (chronic elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and acute phase protein CRP, which is implicated in the etiology of atherosclerosis) and anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10. Furthermore, there is limited information on the mediating effects of performance on the multi-stage fitness test (MSFT), V˙O2 peak and adiposity on risk factors for cardio-metabolic disease in adolescents.Purpose: To examine the effect of performance on the MSFT, V˙O2 peak and adiposity on risk factors for cardio-metabolic diseases in adolescents.Methods: Following ethical approval, 121 adolescents (11.3 ± 0.8 year) completed the study. Risk factors for cardio-metabolic disease (circulating inflammatory cytokines, blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations) was assessed using a fasted capillary blood sample. Participants were separated into quartiles based upon distance ran during the MSFT, the blood lactate response to submaximal exercise, V˙O2 peak (determined during an uphill graded treadmill test), and adiposity (determined as the sum of four skinfolds). The blood lactate response to submaximal exercise and V02 peak were measured in a sub-group of participants. Data were analyzed using two-way between-subjects ANCOVA and multiple linear regression.Results: Participants with the lowest performance on the MSFT had higher blood concentrations of IL-6 (3.25 ± 0.25 pg mL-1) and IL-1β (4.78 ± 0.54 pg mL-1) and lower concentrations of IL-10 (1.80 ± 0.27 pg mL-1) when compared with all other quartiles (all p < 0.05). Yet, when categorized into V˙O2 peak quartiles, no differences existed in any of the inflammatory mediators (all p > 0.05). Performance on the MSFT was the only predictor of IL-6 (β = -0.291, p = 0.031), IL-1β (β = -0.405, p = 0.005), IL-10 (β = 0.325, p = 0.021) and fasted blood glucose (β = -0.545, p < 0.001) concentrations. Adiposity was the only predictor of plasma insulin concentration (β = 0.515, p < 0.001) and blood pressure (diastolic: β = 0.259, p = 0.042; mean arterial pressure: β = 0.322, p = 0.011).Conclusion: Enhanced performance on the MSFT, but not V˙O2 peak, was associated with a favorable inflammatory profile in adolescents; whilst adiposity adversely affected plasma insulin, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure. These findings demonstrate that enhancing performance on the MSFT and maintaining a healthy body composition are a potential therapeutic intervention for the attenuation of risk factors for cardio-metabolic diseases in adolescents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T06:56:59Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T06:56:59Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-5fbaffa97a6141b29f0c6e1b646b9fc32022-12-22T02:06:52ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2019-05-011010.3389/fphys.2019.00629452261Multi-Stage Fitness Test Performance, V˙O2 Peak and Adiposity: Effect on Risk Factors for Cardio-Metabolic Disease in AdolescentsKarah J. Dring0Simon B. Cooper1John G. Morris2Caroline Sunderland3Gemma A. Foulds4Alan Graham Pockley5Mary E. Nevill6Department of Sport Science, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United KingdomDepartment of Sport Science, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United KingdomDepartment of Sport Science, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United KingdomDepartment of Sport Science, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United KingdomJohn van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United KingdomJohn van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United KingdomDepartment of Sport Science, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United KingdomThe role of physical activity in determining the metabolic health of adolescents is poorly understood, particularly concerning the effect on low-grade chronic inflammation (chronic elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and acute phase protein CRP, which is implicated in the etiology of atherosclerosis) and anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10. Furthermore, there is limited information on the mediating effects of performance on the multi-stage fitness test (MSFT), V˙O2 peak and adiposity on risk factors for cardio-metabolic disease in adolescents.Purpose: To examine the effect of performance on the MSFT, V˙O2 peak and adiposity on risk factors for cardio-metabolic diseases in adolescents.Methods: Following ethical approval, 121 adolescents (11.3 ± 0.8 year) completed the study. Risk factors for cardio-metabolic disease (circulating inflammatory cytokines, blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations) was assessed using a fasted capillary blood sample. Participants were separated into quartiles based upon distance ran during the MSFT, the blood lactate response to submaximal exercise, V˙O2 peak (determined during an uphill graded treadmill test), and adiposity (determined as the sum of four skinfolds). The blood lactate response to submaximal exercise and V02 peak were measured in a sub-group of participants. Data were analyzed using two-way between-subjects ANCOVA and multiple linear regression.Results: Participants with the lowest performance on the MSFT had higher blood concentrations of IL-6 (3.25 ± 0.25 pg mL-1) and IL-1β (4.78 ± 0.54 pg mL-1) and lower concentrations of IL-10 (1.80 ± 0.27 pg mL-1) when compared with all other quartiles (all p < 0.05). Yet, when categorized into V˙O2 peak quartiles, no differences existed in any of the inflammatory mediators (all p > 0.05). Performance on the MSFT was the only predictor of IL-6 (β = -0.291, p = 0.031), IL-1β (β = -0.405, p = 0.005), IL-10 (β = 0.325, p = 0.021) and fasted blood glucose (β = -0.545, p < 0.001) concentrations. Adiposity was the only predictor of plasma insulin concentration (β = 0.515, p < 0.001) and blood pressure (diastolic: β = 0.259, p = 0.042; mean arterial pressure: β = 0.322, p = 0.011).Conclusion: Enhanced performance on the MSFT, but not V˙O2 peak, was associated with a favorable inflammatory profile in adolescents; whilst adiposity adversely affected plasma insulin, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure. These findings demonstrate that enhancing performance on the MSFT and maintaining a healthy body composition are a potential therapeutic intervention for the attenuation of risk factors for cardio-metabolic diseases in adolescents.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.00629/fulllow-grade chronic inflammationinsulin resistancecardio-metabolic diseasemulti-stage fitness testVO2 peakadiposity |
| spellingShingle | Karah J. Dring Simon B. Cooper John G. Morris Caroline Sunderland Gemma A. Foulds Alan Graham Pockley Mary E. Nevill Multi-Stage Fitness Test Performance, V˙O2 Peak and Adiposity: Effect on Risk Factors for Cardio-Metabolic Disease in Adolescents Frontiers in Physiology low-grade chronic inflammation insulin resistance cardio-metabolic disease multi-stage fitness test VO2 peak adiposity |
| title | Multi-Stage Fitness Test Performance, V˙O2 Peak and Adiposity: Effect on Risk Factors for Cardio-Metabolic Disease in Adolescents |
| title_full | Multi-Stage Fitness Test Performance, V˙O2 Peak and Adiposity: Effect on Risk Factors for Cardio-Metabolic Disease in Adolescents |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Stage Fitness Test Performance, V˙O2 Peak and Adiposity: Effect on Risk Factors for Cardio-Metabolic Disease in Adolescents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Stage Fitness Test Performance, V˙O2 Peak and Adiposity: Effect on Risk Factors for Cardio-Metabolic Disease in Adolescents |
| title_short | Multi-Stage Fitness Test Performance, V˙O2 Peak and Adiposity: Effect on Risk Factors for Cardio-Metabolic Disease in Adolescents |
| title_sort | multi stage fitness test performance v˙o2 peak and adiposity effect on risk factors for cardio metabolic disease in adolescents |
| topic | low-grade chronic inflammation insulin resistance cardio-metabolic disease multi-stage fitness test VO2 peak adiposity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.00629/full |
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