Real-Time Optical Monitoring of Endotracheal Tube Displacement
Proper ventilation of a patient with an endotracheal tube (ETT) requires proper placement of the ETT. We present a sensitive, noninvasive, operator-free, and cost-effective optical sensor, called Opt-ETT, for the real-time assessment of ETT placement and alerting of the clinical care team should the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/10/11/174 |
| _version_ | 1797548116221624320 |
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| author | Ramzan Ullah Karl Doerfer Pawjai Khampang Faraneh Fathi Wenzhou Hong Joseph E. Kerschner Bing Yu |
| author_facet | Ramzan Ullah Karl Doerfer Pawjai Khampang Faraneh Fathi Wenzhou Hong Joseph E. Kerschner Bing Yu |
| author_sort | Ramzan Ullah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Proper ventilation of a patient with an endotracheal tube (ETT) requires proper placement of the ETT. We present a sensitive, noninvasive, operator-free, and cost-effective optical sensor, called Opt-ETT, for the real-time assessment of ETT placement and alerting of the clinical care team should the ETT become displaced. The Opt-ETT uses a side-firing optical fiber, a near-infrared light-emitting diode, two photodetectors with an integrated amplifier, an Arduino board, and a computer loaded with a custom LabVIEW program to monitor the position of the endotracheal tube inside the windpipe. The Opt-ETT generates a visual and audible warning if the tube moves over a distance set by the operator. Displacement prediction is made using a second-order polynomial fit to the voltages measured from each detector. The system is tested on ex vivo porcine tissues, and the accuracy is determined to be better than 1.0 mm. In vivo experiments with a pig are conducted to test the performance and usability of the system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:54:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5fbba159c647482ab686b32802b03ad5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:54:56Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-5fbba159c647482ab686b32802b03ad52023-11-20T20:40:20ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742020-11-01101117410.3390/bios10110174Real-Time Optical Monitoring of Endotracheal Tube DisplacementRamzan Ullah0Karl Doerfer1Pawjai Khampang2Faraneh Fathi3Wenzhou Hong4Joseph E. Kerschner5Bing Yu6Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USADepartments of Microbiology and Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USADepartments of Microbiology and Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USADepartments of Microbiology and Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USADepartments of Microbiology and Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USAProper ventilation of a patient with an endotracheal tube (ETT) requires proper placement of the ETT. We present a sensitive, noninvasive, operator-free, and cost-effective optical sensor, called Opt-ETT, for the real-time assessment of ETT placement and alerting of the clinical care team should the ETT become displaced. The Opt-ETT uses a side-firing optical fiber, a near-infrared light-emitting diode, two photodetectors with an integrated amplifier, an Arduino board, and a computer loaded with a custom LabVIEW program to monitor the position of the endotracheal tube inside the windpipe. The Opt-ETT generates a visual and audible warning if the tube moves over a distance set by the operator. Displacement prediction is made using a second-order polynomial fit to the voltages measured from each detector. The system is tested on ex vivo porcine tissues, and the accuracy is determined to be better than 1.0 mm. In vivo experiments with a pig are conducted to test the performance and usability of the system.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/10/11/174endotracheal tubedisplacement monitoringfiber optic sensor |
| spellingShingle | Ramzan Ullah Karl Doerfer Pawjai Khampang Faraneh Fathi Wenzhou Hong Joseph E. Kerschner Bing Yu Real-Time Optical Monitoring of Endotracheal Tube Displacement Biosensors endotracheal tube displacement monitoring fiber optic sensor |
| title | Real-Time Optical Monitoring of Endotracheal Tube Displacement |
| title_full | Real-Time Optical Monitoring of Endotracheal Tube Displacement |
| title_fullStr | Real-Time Optical Monitoring of Endotracheal Tube Displacement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Real-Time Optical Monitoring of Endotracheal Tube Displacement |
| title_short | Real-Time Optical Monitoring of Endotracheal Tube Displacement |
| title_sort | real time optical monitoring of endotracheal tube displacement |
| topic | endotracheal tube displacement monitoring fiber optic sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/10/11/174 |
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