Skin Phototype Could Be a Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis
Environmental and genetic factors are assumed to be necessary for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), however its interactions are still unclear. For this reason here, we have not only analyzed the impact on increased risk of MS of the best known factors (<i>HLA-DRB1*15:01</i> al...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/8/2384 |
| _version_ | 1797561302567092224 |
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| author | Patricia Urbaneja Isaac Hurtado-Guerrero Miguel Ángel Hernández Begoña Oliver-Martos Celia Oreja-Guevara Jesús Ortega-Pinazo Ana Alonso Francisco J Barón-López Laura Leyva Óscar Fernández María Jesús Pinto-Medel |
| author_facet | Patricia Urbaneja Isaac Hurtado-Guerrero Miguel Ángel Hernández Begoña Oliver-Martos Celia Oreja-Guevara Jesús Ortega-Pinazo Ana Alonso Francisco J Barón-López Laura Leyva Óscar Fernández María Jesús Pinto-Medel |
| author_sort | Patricia Urbaneja |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Environmental and genetic factors are assumed to be necessary for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), however its interactions are still unclear. For this reason here, we have not only analyzed the impact on increased risk of MS of the best known factors (<i>HLA-DRB1*15:01</i> allele, sun exposure, vitamin D levels, smoking habit), but we have included another factor (skin phototype) that has not been analyzed in depth until now. This study included 149 MS patients and 147 controls. A multivariate logistic regression (LR) model was carried out to determine the impact of each of the factors on the increased risk of MS. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate predictive value of the models. Our multifactorial LR model of susceptibility showed that females with light brown skin (LBS), smokers and who had <i>HLA-DRB1*15:01</i> allele had a higher MS risk (LBS: OR = 5.90, IC95% = 2.39–15.45; smoker: OR = 4.52, IC95% = 2.69–7.72; presence of <i>HLA-DRB1*15:01</i>: OR = 2.39, IC95% = 1.30–4.50; female: OR = 1.88, IC95% = 1.08–3.30). This model had an acceptable discriminant value with an Area Under a Curve AUC of 0.76 (0.69–0.82). Our study indicates that MS risk is determined by complex interactions between sex, environmental factors, and genotype where the milieu could provide the enabling proinflammatory environment that drives an autoimmune attack against myelin by self-reactive lymphocytes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:12:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5fbbfb0e19214950a6ca98d3ac13b5cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:12:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-5fbbfb0e19214950a6ca98d3ac13b5cb2023-11-20T07:59:51ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832020-07-0198238410.3390/jcm9082384Skin Phototype Could Be a Risk Factor for Multiple SclerosisPatricia Urbaneja0Isaac Hurtado-Guerrero1Miguel Ángel Hernández2Begoña Oliver-Martos3Celia Oreja-Guevara4Jesús Ortega-Pinazo5Ana Alonso6Francisco J Barón-López7Laura Leyva8Óscar Fernández9María Jesús Pinto-Medel10Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009 Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009 Málaga, SpainRed Temática de Investigación Cooperativa: Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple REEM (RD16/0015/0010), 28049 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009 Málaga, SpainRed Temática de Investigación Cooperativa: Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple REEM (RD16/0015/0010), 28049 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009 Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009 Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009 Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009 Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009 Málaga, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009 Málaga, SpainEnvironmental and genetic factors are assumed to be necessary for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), however its interactions are still unclear. For this reason here, we have not only analyzed the impact on increased risk of MS of the best known factors (<i>HLA-DRB1*15:01</i> allele, sun exposure, vitamin D levels, smoking habit), but we have included another factor (skin phototype) that has not been analyzed in depth until now. This study included 149 MS patients and 147 controls. A multivariate logistic regression (LR) model was carried out to determine the impact of each of the factors on the increased risk of MS. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate predictive value of the models. Our multifactorial LR model of susceptibility showed that females with light brown skin (LBS), smokers and who had <i>HLA-DRB1*15:01</i> allele had a higher MS risk (LBS: OR = 5.90, IC95% = 2.39–15.45; smoker: OR = 4.52, IC95% = 2.69–7.72; presence of <i>HLA-DRB1*15:01</i>: OR = 2.39, IC95% = 1.30–4.50; female: OR = 1.88, IC95% = 1.08–3.30). This model had an acceptable discriminant value with an Area Under a Curve AUC of 0.76 (0.69–0.82). Our study indicates that MS risk is determined by complex interactions between sex, environmental factors, and genotype where the milieu could provide the enabling proinflammatory environment that drives an autoimmune attack against myelin by self-reactive lymphocytes.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/8/2384multiple sclerosisskin phototypessmokingvitamin DHLA |
| spellingShingle | Patricia Urbaneja Isaac Hurtado-Guerrero Miguel Ángel Hernández Begoña Oliver-Martos Celia Oreja-Guevara Jesús Ortega-Pinazo Ana Alonso Francisco J Barón-López Laura Leyva Óscar Fernández María Jesús Pinto-Medel Skin Phototype Could Be a Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis Journal of Clinical Medicine multiple sclerosis skin phototypes smoking vitamin D HLA |
| title | Skin Phototype Could Be a Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_full | Skin Phototype Could Be a Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_fullStr | Skin Phototype Could Be a Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Skin Phototype Could Be a Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_short | Skin Phototype Could Be a Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_sort | skin phototype could be a risk factor for multiple sclerosis |
| topic | multiple sclerosis skin phototypes smoking vitamin D HLA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/8/2384 |
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