Prevalence, predictors, and patient-reported outcomes of long COVID in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients from the city of São Paulo, Brazil
BackgroundRobust data comparing long COVID in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients in middle-income countries are limited.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in Brazil, including hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. Long COVID was diagnosed at 90-day follow-up using WHO cr...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1302669/full |
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| author | Daniel Tavares Malheiro Sabrina Bernardez-Pereira Kauê Capellato Junqueira Parreira João Gabriel Dias Pagliuso Emerson de Paula Gomes Daisa de Mesquita Escobosa Carolina Ivo de Araújo Beatriz Silva Pimenta Vivian Lin Silvana Maria de Almeida Paula Tuma Claudia Regina Laselva Miguel Cendoroglo Neto Sidney Klajner Vanessa Damazio Teich Takaaki Kobayashi Michael B. Edmond Alexandre R. Marra Alexandre R. Marra |
| author_facet | Daniel Tavares Malheiro Sabrina Bernardez-Pereira Kauê Capellato Junqueira Parreira João Gabriel Dias Pagliuso Emerson de Paula Gomes Daisa de Mesquita Escobosa Carolina Ivo de Araújo Beatriz Silva Pimenta Vivian Lin Silvana Maria de Almeida Paula Tuma Claudia Regina Laselva Miguel Cendoroglo Neto Sidney Klajner Vanessa Damazio Teich Takaaki Kobayashi Michael B. Edmond Alexandre R. Marra Alexandre R. Marra |
| author_sort | Daniel Tavares Malheiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundRobust data comparing long COVID in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients in middle-income countries are limited.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in Brazil, including hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. Long COVID was diagnosed at 90-day follow-up using WHO criteria. Demographic and clinical information, including the depression screening scale (PHQ-2) at day 30, was compared between the groups. If the PHQ-2 score is 3 or greater, major depressive disorder is likely. Logistic regression analysis identified predictors and protective factors for long COVID.ResultsA total of 291 hospitalized and 1,118 non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were included. The prevalence of long COVID was 47.1% and 49.5%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 4.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.51–8.37), hypertension (OR = 2.90, 95% CI 1.52–5.69), PHQ-2 > 3 (OR = 6.50, 95% CI 1.68–33.4) and corticosteroid use during hospital stay (OR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.20–5.04) as predictors of long COVID in hospitalized patients, while female sex (OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.95–3.27) and PHQ-2 > 3 (OR = 3.88, 95% CI 2.52–6.16) were predictors in non-hospitalized patients.ConclusionLong COVID was prevalent in both groups. Positive depression screening at day 30 post-infection can predict long COVID. Early screening of depression helps health staff to identify patients at a higher risk of long COVID, allowing an early diagnosis of the condition. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:30:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5fbca8e13039468ab8563d054c5ac269 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:30:10Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-5fbca8e13039468ab8563d054c5ac2692024-01-22T04:20:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652024-01-011110.3389/fpubh.2023.13026691302669Prevalence, predictors, and patient-reported outcomes of long COVID in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients from the city of São Paulo, BrazilDaniel Tavares Malheiro0Sabrina Bernardez-Pereira1Kauê Capellato Junqueira Parreira2João Gabriel Dias Pagliuso3Emerson de Paula Gomes4Daisa de Mesquita Escobosa5Carolina Ivo de Araújo6Beatriz Silva Pimenta7Vivian Lin8Silvana Maria de Almeida9Paula Tuma10Claudia Regina Laselva11Miguel Cendoroglo Neto12Sidney Klajner13Vanessa Damazio Teich14Takaaki Kobayashi15Michael B. Edmond16Alexandre R. Marra17Alexandre R. Marra18Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United StatesWest Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United StatesHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United StatesBackgroundRobust data comparing long COVID in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients in middle-income countries are limited.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in Brazil, including hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. Long COVID was diagnosed at 90-day follow-up using WHO criteria. Demographic and clinical information, including the depression screening scale (PHQ-2) at day 30, was compared between the groups. If the PHQ-2 score is 3 or greater, major depressive disorder is likely. Logistic regression analysis identified predictors and protective factors for long COVID.ResultsA total of 291 hospitalized and 1,118 non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were included. The prevalence of long COVID was 47.1% and 49.5%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 4.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.51–8.37), hypertension (OR = 2.90, 95% CI 1.52–5.69), PHQ-2 > 3 (OR = 6.50, 95% CI 1.68–33.4) and corticosteroid use during hospital stay (OR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.20–5.04) as predictors of long COVID in hospitalized patients, while female sex (OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.95–3.27) and PHQ-2 > 3 (OR = 3.88, 95% CI 2.52–6.16) were predictors in non-hospitalized patients.ConclusionLong COVID was prevalent in both groups. Positive depression screening at day 30 post-infection can predict long COVID. Early screening of depression helps health staff to identify patients at a higher risk of long COVID, allowing an early diagnosis of the condition.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1302669/fulllong COVIDmental healthdepression screeningquality of lifemiddle income countries |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Tavares Malheiro Sabrina Bernardez-Pereira Kauê Capellato Junqueira Parreira João Gabriel Dias Pagliuso Emerson de Paula Gomes Daisa de Mesquita Escobosa Carolina Ivo de Araújo Beatriz Silva Pimenta Vivian Lin Silvana Maria de Almeida Paula Tuma Claudia Regina Laselva Miguel Cendoroglo Neto Sidney Klajner Vanessa Damazio Teich Takaaki Kobayashi Michael B. Edmond Alexandre R. Marra Alexandre R. Marra Prevalence, predictors, and patient-reported outcomes of long COVID in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients from the city of São Paulo, Brazil Frontiers in Public Health long COVID mental health depression screening quality of life middle income countries |
| title | Prevalence, predictors, and patient-reported outcomes of long COVID in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients from the city of São Paulo, Brazil |
| title_full | Prevalence, predictors, and patient-reported outcomes of long COVID in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients from the city of São Paulo, Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence, predictors, and patient-reported outcomes of long COVID in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients from the city of São Paulo, Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence, predictors, and patient-reported outcomes of long COVID in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients from the city of São Paulo, Brazil |
| title_short | Prevalence, predictors, and patient-reported outcomes of long COVID in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients from the city of São Paulo, Brazil |
| title_sort | prevalence predictors and patient reported outcomes of long covid in hospitalized and non hospitalized patients from the city of sao paulo brazil |
| topic | long COVID mental health depression screening quality of life middle income countries |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1302669/full |
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