Increased Ammonium Enhances Suboptimal-Temperature Tolerance in Cucumber Seedlings
Nitrate nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N) is widely used in the cultivation of the cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.). In fact, in mixed nitrogen forms, partially substituting NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N with NH<sub>4</sub...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/12/2243 |
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| author | Chao Ma Tiantian Ban Hongjun Yu Qiang Li Xiaohui Li Weijie Jiang Jianming Xie |
| author_facet | Chao Ma Tiantian Ban Hongjun Yu Qiang Li Xiaohui Li Weijie Jiang Jianming Xie |
| author_sort | Chao Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nitrate nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N) is widely used in the cultivation of the cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.). In fact, in mixed nitrogen forms, partially substituting NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N with NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N can promote the absorption and utilization of nitrogen. However, is this still the case when the cucumber seedling is vulnerable to the suboptimal-temperature stress? It remains unclear as to how the uptake and metabolism of ammonium affect the suboptimal-temperature tolerance in cucumber seedlings. In this study, cucumber seedlings were grown under suboptimal temperatures at five ammonium ratios (0NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, 25%NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, 50%NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, 75%NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, 100%NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) for 14 days. Firstly, increasing ammonium to 50% promoted the growth and root activity and increased protein and proline contents but decreased MDA content in cucumber seedlings. This indicated that increasing ammonium to 50% enhanced the suboptimal-temperature tolerance of cucumber seedlings. Furthermore, increasing ammonium to 50% up-regulated the expression of the nitrogen uptake-transport genes <i>CsNRT1.3</i>, <i>CsNRT1.5</i> and <i>CsAMT1.1</i>, which promoted the uptake and transport of nitrogen, as well as the up-regulation of the expression of the glutamate cycle genes <i>CsGOGAT-1-2</i>, <i>CsGOGAT-2-1</i>, <i>CsGOGAT-2-2</i>, <i>CsGS-2</i> and <i>CsGS-3</i>, which promoted the metabolism of nitrogen. Meanwhile, increased ammonium up-regulated the expression of the PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATP genes <i>CSHA2</i> and <i>CSHA3</i> in roots, which maintained nitrogen transport and membranes at a suboptimal temperature. In addition, 13 of 16 genes detected in the study were preferentially expressed in the roots in the increasing ammonium treatments under suboptimal temperatures, which, thus, promoted nitrogen assimilation in roots to the enhance the suboptimal-temperature tolerance of cucumber seedlings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:01:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5fc28ac725bb4f4d8ca01f09a6507750 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:01:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5fc28ac725bb4f4d8ca01f09a65077502023-11-18T12:09:24ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-06-011212224310.3390/plants12122243Increased Ammonium Enhances Suboptimal-Temperature Tolerance in Cucumber SeedlingsChao Ma0Tiantian Ban1Hongjun Yu2Qiang Li3Xiaohui Li4Weijie Jiang5Jianming Xie6College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaInstitute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang 550006, ChinaInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang 550006, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaNitrate nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N) is widely used in the cultivation of the cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.). In fact, in mixed nitrogen forms, partially substituting NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N with NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N can promote the absorption and utilization of nitrogen. However, is this still the case when the cucumber seedling is vulnerable to the suboptimal-temperature stress? It remains unclear as to how the uptake and metabolism of ammonium affect the suboptimal-temperature tolerance in cucumber seedlings. In this study, cucumber seedlings were grown under suboptimal temperatures at five ammonium ratios (0NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, 25%NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, 50%NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, 75%NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, 100%NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) for 14 days. Firstly, increasing ammonium to 50% promoted the growth and root activity and increased protein and proline contents but decreased MDA content in cucumber seedlings. This indicated that increasing ammonium to 50% enhanced the suboptimal-temperature tolerance of cucumber seedlings. Furthermore, increasing ammonium to 50% up-regulated the expression of the nitrogen uptake-transport genes <i>CsNRT1.3</i>, <i>CsNRT1.5</i> and <i>CsAMT1.1</i>, which promoted the uptake and transport of nitrogen, as well as the up-regulation of the expression of the glutamate cycle genes <i>CsGOGAT-1-2</i>, <i>CsGOGAT-2-1</i>, <i>CsGOGAT-2-2</i>, <i>CsGS-2</i> and <i>CsGS-3</i>, which promoted the metabolism of nitrogen. Meanwhile, increased ammonium up-regulated the expression of the PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATP genes <i>CSHA2</i> and <i>CSHA3</i> in roots, which maintained nitrogen transport and membranes at a suboptimal temperature. In addition, 13 of 16 genes detected in the study were preferentially expressed in the roots in the increasing ammonium treatments under suboptimal temperatures, which, thus, promoted nitrogen assimilation in roots to the enhance the suboptimal-temperature tolerance of cucumber seedlings.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/12/2243cucumber seedlingsnitrogen formsnitrogen uptake-transportsuboptimal-temperature tolerance |
| spellingShingle | Chao Ma Tiantian Ban Hongjun Yu Qiang Li Xiaohui Li Weijie Jiang Jianming Xie Increased Ammonium Enhances Suboptimal-Temperature Tolerance in Cucumber Seedlings Plants cucumber seedlings nitrogen forms nitrogen uptake-transport suboptimal-temperature tolerance |
| title | Increased Ammonium Enhances Suboptimal-Temperature Tolerance in Cucumber Seedlings |
| title_full | Increased Ammonium Enhances Suboptimal-Temperature Tolerance in Cucumber Seedlings |
| title_fullStr | Increased Ammonium Enhances Suboptimal-Temperature Tolerance in Cucumber Seedlings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Increased Ammonium Enhances Suboptimal-Temperature Tolerance in Cucumber Seedlings |
| title_short | Increased Ammonium Enhances Suboptimal-Temperature Tolerance in Cucumber Seedlings |
| title_sort | increased ammonium enhances suboptimal temperature tolerance in cucumber seedlings |
| topic | cucumber seedlings nitrogen forms nitrogen uptake-transport suboptimal-temperature tolerance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/12/2243 |
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