São Paulo urban health index: measuring and mapping health disparities
ABSTRACT: Objective: To calculate and map the health inequalities in the city of São Paulo using the Urban Health Index (UHI) methodology. Methods: Seven indicators were selected from the Brazilian census: (1) proportion of households with access to sewage systems, (2) proportion of households...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Associação Brasileira de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-790X2022000100403&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1818555899537522688 |
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| author | Olivia Almenara Cruz Pereira de Lima Estie Kruger Marc Tennant |
| author_facet | Olivia Almenara Cruz Pereira de Lima Estie Kruger Marc Tennant |
| author_sort | Olivia Almenara Cruz Pereira de Lima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: Objective: To calculate and map the health inequalities in the city of São Paulo using the Urban Health Index (UHI) methodology. Methods: Seven indicators were selected from the Brazilian census: (1) proportion of households with access to sewage systems, (2) proportion of households served by regular waste collection, (3) proportion of households with two or more toilets, (4) proportion of households receiving tap water, (5) average income per household, (6) percentage of white people, and (7) literacy rate. Based on the UHI methodology, all health indicators were standardized and aggregated into a single metric at the census tract level. The UHI scores were ranked and plotted. The disparity ratio and the graph slope were calculated. The correlation between indicators was tested. Results were geocoded to produce a map of health risks. Results: The distribution of index values showed a linear middle section and deviations at each end. The disparity ratio found was 2.95, while the slope was 0.30. All indicators were significantly correlated. The map displayed a typical pattern of health inequality between the downtown and the periphery. The tracts located in the city’s downtown had higher UHI values than those on the outskirts. Conclusions: The results of this study presented a visual distribution of health disparities in the city of São Paulo, proving to be a valuable method for identifying areas that require public health attention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T01:59:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5fc4ab1fc3b445268743d169a050d891 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1980-5497 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T01:59:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Associação Brasileira de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia |
| spelling | doaj.art-5fc4ab1fc3b445268743d169a050d8912022-12-22T00:03:19ZengAssociação Brasileira de Pós-Graduação em Saúde ColetivaRevista Brasileira de Epidemiologia1980-54972022-03-012510.1590/1980-549720220005São Paulo urban health index: measuring and mapping health disparitiesOlivia Almenara Cruz Pereira de Limahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-2780Estie Krugerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4883-6793Marc Tennanthttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2553-9884ABSTRACT: Objective: To calculate and map the health inequalities in the city of São Paulo using the Urban Health Index (UHI) methodology. Methods: Seven indicators were selected from the Brazilian census: (1) proportion of households with access to sewage systems, (2) proportion of households served by regular waste collection, (3) proportion of households with two or more toilets, (4) proportion of households receiving tap water, (5) average income per household, (6) percentage of white people, and (7) literacy rate. Based on the UHI methodology, all health indicators were standardized and aggregated into a single metric at the census tract level. The UHI scores were ranked and plotted. The disparity ratio and the graph slope were calculated. The correlation between indicators was tested. Results were geocoded to produce a map of health risks. Results: The distribution of index values showed a linear middle section and deviations at each end. The disparity ratio found was 2.95, while the slope was 0.30. All indicators were significantly correlated. The map displayed a typical pattern of health inequality between the downtown and the periphery. The tracts located in the city’s downtown had higher UHI values than those on the outskirts. Conclusions: The results of this study presented a visual distribution of health disparities in the city of São Paulo, proving to be a valuable method for identifying areas that require public health attention.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-790X2022000100403&tlng=enBrazilGeographic information systemsSocial determinants of healthPublic health |
| spellingShingle | Olivia Almenara Cruz Pereira de Lima Estie Kruger Marc Tennant São Paulo urban health index: measuring and mapping health disparities Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia Brazil Geographic information systems Social determinants of health Public health |
| title | São Paulo urban health index: measuring and mapping health disparities |
| title_full | São Paulo urban health index: measuring and mapping health disparities |
| title_fullStr | São Paulo urban health index: measuring and mapping health disparities |
| title_full_unstemmed | São Paulo urban health index: measuring and mapping health disparities |
| title_short | São Paulo urban health index: measuring and mapping health disparities |
| title_sort | sao paulo urban health index measuring and mapping health disparities |
| topic | Brazil Geographic information systems Social determinants of health Public health |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-790X2022000100403&tlng=en |
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