The Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Patients Attending a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a damaging impact on global health. Post-infection, patients may experience mental health difficulties and therefore require suitable psychological treatment and support. The objective of this study was to identify the psychological impact of COVID-19 on patients who we...

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Main Authors: Umar Abdul Ali, Nadia Iftikhar, Hafsa Amat-ur-Rasool, Mehboob Ahmed, Javeria Hafeez, Wayne G. Carter
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-06-01
Series:Healthcare
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/6/1049
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author Umar Abdul Ali
Nadia Iftikhar
Hafsa Amat-ur-Rasool
Mehboob Ahmed
Javeria Hafeez
Wayne G. Carter
author_facet Umar Abdul Ali
Nadia Iftikhar
Hafsa Amat-ur-Rasool
Mehboob Ahmed
Javeria Hafeez
Wayne G. Carter
author_sort Umar Abdul Ali
collection DOAJ
description The COVID-19 pandemic has had a damaging impact on global health. Post-infection, patients may experience mental health difficulties and therefore require suitable psychological treatment and support. The objective of this study was to identify the psychological impact of COVID-19 on patients who were recovering from the physical effects of the disease, and to examine socio-demographic correlates within one month of treatment at a tertiary healthcare facility in Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was employed that utilized the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for DSM-5. A questionnaire was administered to 250 patients, with data collected over three months. Mild to extremely severe scores of depression, anxiety and stress were reported by approximately 43%, 52% and 42% of participants, respectively, and 8% developed PTSD. The incidence of depression, anxiety, stress or PTSD was not significantly associated with gender, age or previous interaction with COVID-19 patients. Depression was significantly associated with levels of education, severity of COVID-19 disease and a patient’s current condition. Anxiety was associated with healthcare worker status. The severity of disease and a patient’s current condition were also linked to the levels of anxiety, stress and the presence of PTSD. Collectively, these results indicate that a high percentage of patients recovering from COVID-19 experience psychological distress.
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spelling doaj.art-5fcbe80018834b1e922ec5b0ad02aa8d2023-11-23T16:52:07ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322022-06-01106104910.3390/healthcare10061049The Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Patients Attending a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional StudyUmar Abdul Ali0Nadia Iftikhar1Hafsa Amat-ur-Rasool2Mehboob Ahmed3Javeria Hafeez4Wayne G. Carter5Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi 46000, PakistanPak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi 46000, PakistanInstitute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, PakistanInstitute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, PakistanCombined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi 46000, PakistanSchool of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UKThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a damaging impact on global health. Post-infection, patients may experience mental health difficulties and therefore require suitable psychological treatment and support. The objective of this study was to identify the psychological impact of COVID-19 on patients who were recovering from the physical effects of the disease, and to examine socio-demographic correlates within one month of treatment at a tertiary healthcare facility in Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was employed that utilized the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for DSM-5. A questionnaire was administered to 250 patients, with data collected over three months. Mild to extremely severe scores of depression, anxiety and stress were reported by approximately 43%, 52% and 42% of participants, respectively, and 8% developed PTSD. The incidence of depression, anxiety, stress or PTSD was not significantly associated with gender, age or previous interaction with COVID-19 patients. Depression was significantly associated with levels of education, severity of COVID-19 disease and a patient’s current condition. Anxiety was associated with healthcare worker status. The severity of disease and a patient’s current condition were also linked to the levels of anxiety, stress and the presence of PTSD. Collectively, these results indicate that a high percentage of patients recovering from COVID-19 experience psychological distress.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/6/1049anxietyCOVID-19 psychological impactdepressionPTSDstress
spellingShingle Umar Abdul Ali
Nadia Iftikhar
Hafsa Amat-ur-Rasool
Mehboob Ahmed
Javeria Hafeez
Wayne G. Carter
The Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Patients Attending a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Healthcare
anxiety
COVID-19 psychological impact
depression
PTSD
stress
title The Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Patients Attending a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full The Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Patients Attending a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_fullStr The Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Patients Attending a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed The Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Patients Attending a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_short The Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Patients Attending a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_sort psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on patients attending a tertiary healthcare facility in pakistan a cross sectional study
topic anxiety
COVID-19 psychological impact
depression
PTSD
stress
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/6/1049
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