Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Management on Potato Growth, Yield, and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies
Irrigation and nitrogen management are crucial for sustainable potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) production. A field experiment was conducted during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons at Farmington, New Mexico, to evaluate the performance of two chip potato varieties (Lamoka and Waneta...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/3/560 |
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| author | Bhimsen Shrestha Blair L. Stringam Murali K. Darapuneni Kevin A. Lombard Soumaila Sanogo Charles Higgins Koffi Djaman |
| author_facet | Bhimsen Shrestha Blair L. Stringam Murali K. Darapuneni Kevin A. Lombard Soumaila Sanogo Charles Higgins Koffi Djaman |
| author_sort | Bhimsen Shrestha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Irrigation and nitrogen management are crucial for sustainable potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) production. A field experiment was conducted during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons at Farmington, New Mexico, to evaluate the performance of two chip potato varieties (Lamoka and Waneta) under three irrigation regimes (full irrigation (FI), 20% deficit irrigation (DI) and 40% DI) and seven nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 60, 115, 170, 220, 280, and 340 kg N/ha). The treatment combinations of irrigation regimes, nitrogen rates, and varieties were arranged in a split–split plot design with three replications as main plot, sub-plot, and sub-sub plot, respectively. The two-year results showed that irrigation regimes had the most significant effect on plant growth, physiology, and tuber yield of the potato varieties. For both Lamoka and Waneta, the plant height and canopy cover were lower under 40% DI than under 20% DI and FI treatments. The SPAD meter values were higher under 40% DI, followed by 20% DI and FI treatments, whereas the stomatal conductance was higher under FI, followed by 20% DI and 40% DI during both growing seasons. Regardless of nitrogen rates and variety, a 20% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced the total tuber yield by 4.5% and 22.1% in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, respectively, while the 40% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced total tuber yield by 36.8% and 58.2% in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, respectively, as compared to full irrigation. Shifting from full irrigation to 20% DI could save 711.2 to 1036.3 m<sup>3</sup>/ha of irrigation water. For Lamoka, the highest total tuber yield was obtained with 60 kg N/ha under 20% DI and 220 kg N/ha under FI in 2022 and 2023, respectively. For Waneta, the highest total tuber yield was obtained with 115 kg N/ha under 20% DI and 170 kg N/ha under FI in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Maximum water use efficiency (WUE) was obtained at 60 kg N/ha with 20% DI for both Lamoka and Waneta in 2022, while maximum WUE was obtained at 220 kg N/ha under FI for Lamoka and at 170 kg N/ha for Waneta in the 2023 season. The maximum nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was achieved with 60 kg N/ha under 20% DI for both varieties during both growing seasons. Thus, for sustainable irrigation and nitrogen management, the application of a 20% deficit irrigation strategy with a lower nitrogen rate (60 to 170 kg N/ha) could be the best option to improve WUE and NUE with minimal tuber yield reduction. Our study suggested that 40% deficit irrigation would not be beneficial as compared to both full irrigation and 20% water-saving irrigation. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5fde7bee87b54c79b9e2c83056d373c62024-03-27T13:16:54ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-03-0114356010.3390/agronomy14030560Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Management on Potato Growth, Yield, and Water and Nitrogen Use EfficienciesBhimsen Shrestha0Blair L. Stringam1Murali K. Darapuneni2Kevin A. Lombard3Soumaila Sanogo4Charles Higgins5Koffi Djaman6Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, 1780 E University Ave., Las Cruces, NM 88003, USADepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, 1780 E University Ave., Las Cruces, NM 88003, USADepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Rex E. Kirksey Agricultural Science Center at Tucumcari, 6502 Quay Road Am.5, Tucumcari, NM 88401, USADepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, Farmington, 300 Road 4063, Farmington, NM 87499, USADepartment of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, 1780 E University Ave., Las Cruces, NM 88003, USAHiggins Farms Inc., 4220 N. Crescent Ave., Farmington, NM 87401, USADepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, Farmington, 300 Road 4063, Farmington, NM 87499, USAIrrigation and nitrogen management are crucial for sustainable potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) production. A field experiment was conducted during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons at Farmington, New Mexico, to evaluate the performance of two chip potato varieties (Lamoka and Waneta) under three irrigation regimes (full irrigation (FI), 20% deficit irrigation (DI) and 40% DI) and seven nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 60, 115, 170, 220, 280, and 340 kg N/ha). The treatment combinations of irrigation regimes, nitrogen rates, and varieties were arranged in a split–split plot design with three replications as main plot, sub-plot, and sub-sub plot, respectively. The two-year results showed that irrigation regimes had the most significant effect on plant growth, physiology, and tuber yield of the potato varieties. For both Lamoka and Waneta, the plant height and canopy cover were lower under 40% DI than under 20% DI and FI treatments. The SPAD meter values were higher under 40% DI, followed by 20% DI and FI treatments, whereas the stomatal conductance was higher under FI, followed by 20% DI and 40% DI during both growing seasons. Regardless of nitrogen rates and variety, a 20% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced the total tuber yield by 4.5% and 22.1% in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, respectively, while the 40% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced total tuber yield by 36.8% and 58.2% in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, respectively, as compared to full irrigation. Shifting from full irrigation to 20% DI could save 711.2 to 1036.3 m<sup>3</sup>/ha of irrigation water. For Lamoka, the highest total tuber yield was obtained with 60 kg N/ha under 20% DI and 220 kg N/ha under FI in 2022 and 2023, respectively. For Waneta, the highest total tuber yield was obtained with 115 kg N/ha under 20% DI and 170 kg N/ha under FI in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Maximum water use efficiency (WUE) was obtained at 60 kg N/ha with 20% DI for both Lamoka and Waneta in 2022, while maximum WUE was obtained at 220 kg N/ha under FI for Lamoka and at 170 kg N/ha for Waneta in the 2023 season. The maximum nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was achieved with 60 kg N/ha under 20% DI for both varieties during both growing seasons. Thus, for sustainable irrigation and nitrogen management, the application of a 20% deficit irrigation strategy with a lower nitrogen rate (60 to 170 kg N/ha) could be the best option to improve WUE and NUE with minimal tuber yield reduction. Our study suggested that 40% deficit irrigation would not be beneficial as compared to both full irrigation and 20% water-saving irrigation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/3/560deficit irrigationnitrogenpotatoyieldwater use efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Bhimsen Shrestha Blair L. Stringam Murali K. Darapuneni Kevin A. Lombard Soumaila Sanogo Charles Higgins Koffi Djaman Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Management on Potato Growth, Yield, and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies Agronomy deficit irrigation nitrogen potato yield water use efficiency |
| title | Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Management on Potato Growth, Yield, and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies |
| title_full | Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Management on Potato Growth, Yield, and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Management on Potato Growth, Yield, and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Management on Potato Growth, Yield, and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies |
| title_short | Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Management on Potato Growth, Yield, and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies |
| title_sort | effect of irrigation and nitrogen management on potato growth yield and water and nitrogen use efficiencies |
| topic | deficit irrigation nitrogen potato yield water use efficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/3/560 |
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