The Orion OB Association as a Generator for the Hot Circumgalactic Medium
Feedback from star formation may play a key role in energizing the hot, diffuse, X-ray emitting circumgalactic medium (CGM). We observed the diffuse hot gas on the interior of the Orion–Eridanus Superbubble (OES) produced by feedback from the Orion OB association. Using HaloSat, a CubeSat X-ray obse...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acaafc |
| _version_ | 1797695835445657600 |
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| author | Chase A. Fuller Philip Kaaret Jesse Bluem K. D. Kuntz Edmund Hodges-Kluck Keith M. Jahoda |
| author_facet | Chase A. Fuller Philip Kaaret Jesse Bluem K. D. Kuntz Edmund Hodges-Kluck Keith M. Jahoda |
| author_sort | Chase A. Fuller |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Feedback from star formation may play a key role in energizing the hot, diffuse, X-ray emitting circumgalactic medium (CGM). We observed the diffuse hot gas on the interior of the Orion–Eridanus Superbubble (OES) produced by feedback from the Orion OB association. Using HaloSat, a CubeSat X-ray observatory, we cover the majority of the OES using 11 HaloSat fields, each with a 10° diameter. We find the gas is well described by two thermal plasma components. There are regions of enhanced emission measure (EM) that coincide with the Eridanus X-ray Enhancement and the Orion OB association. Individual field temperatures are statistically consistent with the weighted average of all of the OES fields: a warm temperature k T _w = 0.17 ± 0.02 keV and a hot temperature k T _h = 0.79 ± 0.12 keV. The gas is overpressured in comparison with typical interstellar medium pressures, and the rate of energy injected by Orion OB1 can sufficiently power growth of the superbubble. The gas’s radiative cooling timescale (∼30 Myr) is long in comparison with the rate of hot gas production. The temperatures and EMs of the gas agree with properties of the bulk CGM elsewhere in the Milky Way. If we take the OES as a typical superbubble, these factors together suggest that the hot CGM is energized by star formation activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:16:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5fe6a2af644e4392ab154299dab29464 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:16:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-5fe6a2af644e4392ab154299dab294642023-09-03T14:08:24ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0194316110.3847/1538-4357/acaafcThe Orion OB Association as a Generator for the Hot Circumgalactic MediumChase A. Fuller0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7112-5562Philip Kaaret1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3638-0637Jesse Bluem2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8307-7166K. D. Kuntz3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6654-5378Edmund Hodges-Kluck4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2397-206XKeith M. Jahoda5Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242, USA ; chase-fuller@uiowa.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242, USA ; chase-fuller@uiowa.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242, USA ; chase-fuller@uiowa.eduThe Henry A. Rowland Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USANASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USANASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAFeedback from star formation may play a key role in energizing the hot, diffuse, X-ray emitting circumgalactic medium (CGM). We observed the diffuse hot gas on the interior of the Orion–Eridanus Superbubble (OES) produced by feedback from the Orion OB association. Using HaloSat, a CubeSat X-ray observatory, we cover the majority of the OES using 11 HaloSat fields, each with a 10° diameter. We find the gas is well described by two thermal plasma components. There are regions of enhanced emission measure (EM) that coincide with the Eridanus X-ray Enhancement and the Orion OB association. Individual field temperatures are statistically consistent with the weighted average of all of the OES fields: a warm temperature k T _w = 0.17 ± 0.02 keV and a hot temperature k T _h = 0.79 ± 0.12 keV. The gas is overpressured in comparison with typical interstellar medium pressures, and the rate of energy injected by Orion OB1 can sufficiently power growth of the superbubble. The gas’s radiative cooling timescale (∼30 Myr) is long in comparison with the rate of hot gas production. The temperatures and EMs of the gas agree with properties of the bulk CGM elsewhere in the Milky Way. If we take the OES as a typical superbubble, these factors together suggest that the hot CGM is energized by star formation activity.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acaafcSuperbubblesCircumgalactic mediumGalaxy structureStellar feedback |
| spellingShingle | Chase A. Fuller Philip Kaaret Jesse Bluem K. D. Kuntz Edmund Hodges-Kluck Keith M. Jahoda The Orion OB Association as a Generator for the Hot Circumgalactic Medium The Astrophysical Journal Superbubbles Circumgalactic medium Galaxy structure Stellar feedback |
| title | The Orion OB Association as a Generator for the Hot Circumgalactic Medium |
| title_full | The Orion OB Association as a Generator for the Hot Circumgalactic Medium |
| title_fullStr | The Orion OB Association as a Generator for the Hot Circumgalactic Medium |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Orion OB Association as a Generator for the Hot Circumgalactic Medium |
| title_short | The Orion OB Association as a Generator for the Hot Circumgalactic Medium |
| title_sort | orion ob association as a generator for the hot circumgalactic medium |
| topic | Superbubbles Circumgalactic medium Galaxy structure Stellar feedback |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acaafc |
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