A New Load Frequency Control Technique for Hybrid Maritime Microgrids: Sophisticated Structure of Fractional-Order PIDA Controller
This paper proposes an efficient load frequency control (LFC) technique based on a fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative–accelerator with a low-pass filter compensator (FOPIDA-LPF) controller, which can also be accurately referred to as the PIλDND2N2 controller. A trustworthy metaheurist...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Fractal and Fractional |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/7/6/435 |
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| author | Fahad M. Almasoudi Gaber Magdy Abualkasim Bakeer Khaled Saleem S. Alatawi Mahmoud Rihan |
| author_facet | Fahad M. Almasoudi Gaber Magdy Abualkasim Bakeer Khaled Saleem S. Alatawi Mahmoud Rihan |
| author_sort | Fahad M. Almasoudi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper proposes an efficient load frequency control (LFC) technique based on a fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative–accelerator with a low-pass filter compensator (FOPIDA-LPF) controller, which can also be accurately referred to as the PIλDND2N2 controller. A trustworthy metaheuristic optimization algorithm, known as the gray wolf optimizer (GWO), is used to fine-tune the suggested PI<sup>λ</sup>DND<sup>2</sup>N<sup>2</sup> controller parameters. Moreover, the proposed PI<sup>λ</sup>DND<sup>2</sup>N<sup>2</sup> controller is designed for the LFC of a self-contained hybrid maritime microgrid system (HMμGS) containing solid oxide fuel cell energy units, a marine biodiesel generator, renewable energy sources (RESs), non-sensitive loads, and sensitive loads. The proposed controller enables the power system to deal with random variations in load and intermittent renewable energy sources. Comparisons with various controllers used in the literature demonstrate the excellence of the proposed PI<sup>λ</sup>DND<sup>2</sup>N<sup>2</sup> controller. Additionally, the proficiency of GWO optimization is checked against other powerful optimization techniques that have been extensively researched: particle swarm optimization and ant lion optimization. Finally, the simulation results performed by the MATLAB software prove the effectiveness and reliability of the suggested PI<sup>λ</sup>DND<sup>2</sup>N<sup>2</sup> controller built on the GWO under several contingencies of different load perturbations and random generation of RESs. The proposed controller can maintain stability within the system, while also greatly decreasing overshooting and minimizing the system’s settling time and rise time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:27:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5fe9198fd0794185b6b376d003be837b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-3110 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:27:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fractal and Fractional |
| spelling | doaj.art-5fe9198fd0794185b6b376d003be837b2023-11-18T10:29:16ZengMDPI AGFractal and Fractional2504-31102023-05-017643510.3390/fractalfract7060435A New Load Frequency Control Technique for Hybrid Maritime Microgrids: Sophisticated Structure of Fractional-Order PIDA ControllerFahad M. Almasoudi0Gaber Magdy1Abualkasim Bakeer2Khaled Saleem S. Alatawi3Mahmoud Rihan4Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47913, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, EgyptDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, EgyptElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47913, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena 83523, EgyptThis paper proposes an efficient load frequency control (LFC) technique based on a fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative–accelerator with a low-pass filter compensator (FOPIDA-LPF) controller, which can also be accurately referred to as the PIλDND2N2 controller. A trustworthy metaheuristic optimization algorithm, known as the gray wolf optimizer (GWO), is used to fine-tune the suggested PI<sup>λ</sup>DND<sup>2</sup>N<sup>2</sup> controller parameters. Moreover, the proposed PI<sup>λ</sup>DND<sup>2</sup>N<sup>2</sup> controller is designed for the LFC of a self-contained hybrid maritime microgrid system (HMμGS) containing solid oxide fuel cell energy units, a marine biodiesel generator, renewable energy sources (RESs), non-sensitive loads, and sensitive loads. The proposed controller enables the power system to deal with random variations in load and intermittent renewable energy sources. Comparisons with various controllers used in the literature demonstrate the excellence of the proposed PI<sup>λ</sup>DND<sup>2</sup>N<sup>2</sup> controller. Additionally, the proficiency of GWO optimization is checked against other powerful optimization techniques that have been extensively researched: particle swarm optimization and ant lion optimization. Finally, the simulation results performed by the MATLAB software prove the effectiveness and reliability of the suggested PI<sup>λ</sup>DND<sup>2</sup>N<sup>2</sup> controller built on the GWO under several contingencies of different load perturbations and random generation of RESs. The proposed controller can maintain stability within the system, while also greatly decreasing overshooting and minimizing the system’s settling time and rise time.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/7/6/435load frequency control (LFC)fractional-order PIDA controllerrenewable energy sources (RESs)hybrid maritime microgrid system (HMµGS)gray wolf optimization (GWO) |
| spellingShingle | Fahad M. Almasoudi Gaber Magdy Abualkasim Bakeer Khaled Saleem S. Alatawi Mahmoud Rihan A New Load Frequency Control Technique for Hybrid Maritime Microgrids: Sophisticated Structure of Fractional-Order PIDA Controller Fractal and Fractional load frequency control (LFC) fractional-order PIDA controller renewable energy sources (RESs) hybrid maritime microgrid system (HMµGS) gray wolf optimization (GWO) |
| title | A New Load Frequency Control Technique for Hybrid Maritime Microgrids: Sophisticated Structure of Fractional-Order PIDA Controller |
| title_full | A New Load Frequency Control Technique for Hybrid Maritime Microgrids: Sophisticated Structure of Fractional-Order PIDA Controller |
| title_fullStr | A New Load Frequency Control Technique for Hybrid Maritime Microgrids: Sophisticated Structure of Fractional-Order PIDA Controller |
| title_full_unstemmed | A New Load Frequency Control Technique for Hybrid Maritime Microgrids: Sophisticated Structure of Fractional-Order PIDA Controller |
| title_short | A New Load Frequency Control Technique for Hybrid Maritime Microgrids: Sophisticated Structure of Fractional-Order PIDA Controller |
| title_sort | new load frequency control technique for hybrid maritime microgrids sophisticated structure of fractional order pida controller |
| topic | load frequency control (LFC) fractional-order PIDA controller renewable energy sources (RESs) hybrid maritime microgrid system (HMµGS) gray wolf optimization (GWO) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/7/6/435 |
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