Urinary minerals excretion among primary schoolchildren in Dubai—United Arab Emirates
<h4>Introduction</h4> Urinary excretion of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), iodine and fluoride is used to assess their statuses and/or the existence of metabolic abnormalities. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the urinary concentration of these minerals among children hav...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2021-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8341483/?tool=EBI |
| _version_ | 1819033100495093760 |
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| author | Rola Al Ghali Carla El-Mallah Omar Obeid Ola El-Saleh Linda Smail Dalia Haroun |
| author_facet | Rola Al Ghali Carla El-Mallah Omar Obeid Ola El-Saleh Linda Smail Dalia Haroun |
| author_sort | Rola Al Ghali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Introduction</h4> Urinary excretion of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), iodine and fluoride is used to assess their statuses and/or the existence of metabolic abnormalities. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the urinary concentration of these minerals among children have not been documented. <h4>Materials and methods</h4> A cross-sectional study, including 593 subjects (232 boys and 361 girls), was conducted among healthy 6 to 11-year-old Emirati children living in Dubai. Non-fasting morning urine samples and anthropometrical measurements were collected and analyzed. Results were expressed as per mg of creatinine (Cr). <h4>Results</h4> On average, estimated Cr excretion was 17.88±3.12 mg/kg/d. Mean urinary Ca/Cr, Mg/Cr and P/Cr excretions were 0.08±0.07 mg/mg, 0.09±0.04 mg/mg, and 0.57±0.26 mg/mg respectively. Urinary excretion of Ca, Mg and P were found to decrease as age increased. Urinary excretion and predicted intake of fluoride were lower than 0.05 mg/kg body weight per day. Surprisingly, more than 50% of the children were found to have urinary iodine excretion level above adequate. <h4>Conclusion</h4> The Emirati schoolchildren had comparable levels of urinary Ca, Mg and P excretion to other countries. The 95% percentile allows the use of the current data as a reference value for the detection of mineral abnormalities. Fluoride excretion implies that Emirati children are at low risk of fluorosis. The level of urinary iodine excretion is slightly higher than recommended and requires close monitoring of the process of salt iodization to avoid the harmful impact of iodine overconsumption. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T07:12:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5feb142ed6ad4574946b724b0a2ee73c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T07:12:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-5feb142ed6ad4574946b724b0a2ee73c2022-12-21T19:11:57ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032021-01-01168Urinary minerals excretion among primary schoolchildren in Dubai—United Arab EmiratesRola Al GhaliCarla El-MallahOmar ObeidOla El-SalehLinda SmailDalia Haroun<h4>Introduction</h4> Urinary excretion of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), iodine and fluoride is used to assess their statuses and/or the existence of metabolic abnormalities. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the urinary concentration of these minerals among children have not been documented. <h4>Materials and methods</h4> A cross-sectional study, including 593 subjects (232 boys and 361 girls), was conducted among healthy 6 to 11-year-old Emirati children living in Dubai. Non-fasting morning urine samples and anthropometrical measurements were collected and analyzed. Results were expressed as per mg of creatinine (Cr). <h4>Results</h4> On average, estimated Cr excretion was 17.88±3.12 mg/kg/d. Mean urinary Ca/Cr, Mg/Cr and P/Cr excretions were 0.08±0.07 mg/mg, 0.09±0.04 mg/mg, and 0.57±0.26 mg/mg respectively. Urinary excretion of Ca, Mg and P were found to decrease as age increased. Urinary excretion and predicted intake of fluoride were lower than 0.05 mg/kg body weight per day. Surprisingly, more than 50% of the children were found to have urinary iodine excretion level above adequate. <h4>Conclusion</h4> The Emirati schoolchildren had comparable levels of urinary Ca, Mg and P excretion to other countries. The 95% percentile allows the use of the current data as a reference value for the detection of mineral abnormalities. Fluoride excretion implies that Emirati children are at low risk of fluorosis. The level of urinary iodine excretion is slightly higher than recommended and requires close monitoring of the process of salt iodization to avoid the harmful impact of iodine overconsumption.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8341483/?tool=EBI |
| spellingShingle | Rola Al Ghali Carla El-Mallah Omar Obeid Ola El-Saleh Linda Smail Dalia Haroun Urinary minerals excretion among primary schoolchildren in Dubai—United Arab Emirates PLoS ONE |
| title | Urinary minerals excretion among primary schoolchildren in Dubai—United Arab Emirates |
| title_full | Urinary minerals excretion among primary schoolchildren in Dubai—United Arab Emirates |
| title_fullStr | Urinary minerals excretion among primary schoolchildren in Dubai—United Arab Emirates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urinary minerals excretion among primary schoolchildren in Dubai—United Arab Emirates |
| title_short | Urinary minerals excretion among primary schoolchildren in Dubai—United Arab Emirates |
| title_sort | urinary minerals excretion among primary schoolchildren in dubai united arab emirates |
| url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8341483/?tool=EBI |
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