Improving Winter Wheat Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Yield by Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization
Wheat is the third most producing crop in China after maize and rice. In order to enhance the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and grain yield of winter wheat, a two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different nitrogen ratios and doses at various development stages of win...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/10/1478 |
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| author | Muhammad Saleem Kubar Khalid S. Alshallash Muhammad Ahsan Asghar Meichen Feng Ali Raza Chao Wang Khansa Saleem Abd Ullah Wude Yang Kashif Ali Kubar Chenbo Yang Samy Selim Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef Fatmah Ahmed Safhi Salha Mesfer Alshamrani |
| author_facet | Muhammad Saleem Kubar Khalid S. Alshallash Muhammad Ahsan Asghar Meichen Feng Ali Raza Chao Wang Khansa Saleem Abd Ullah Wude Yang Kashif Ali Kubar Chenbo Yang Samy Selim Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef Fatmah Ahmed Safhi Salha Mesfer Alshamrani |
| author_sort | Muhammad Saleem Kubar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wheat is the third most producing crop in China after maize and rice. In order to enhance the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and grain yield of winter wheat, a two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different nitrogen ratios and doses at various development stages of winter wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.). A total of five N doses (0, N75, N150, N225, and N300 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) as main plots and two N ratios were applied in split doses (50%:50% and 60%:40%, referring to 50% at sowing time and 50% at jointing stage, 50% at sowing time + 50% at flowering stage, 50% at sowing time + 50% at grain filling stage, and 60% + 40% N ratio applied as a 60% at sowing time and 40% at jointing stage, 60% at sowing time and 40% at flowering stage, and 60% at sowing time and 40% at grain filling stage in subplots). The results of this study revealed that a nitrogen dose of 225 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> significantly augmented the plant height by 27% and above ground biomass (ABG) by 24% at the grain filling stage, and the leaf area was enhanced by 149% at the flowering stage under 60 + 40% ratios. Furthermore, the N225 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> significantly prompted the photosynthetic rate by 47% at the jointing and flowering stages followed by grain filling stage compared to the control. The correlation analysis exhibited the positive relationship between nitrogen uptake and nitrogen content, chlorophyll, and dry biomass, revealing that NUE enhanced and ultimately increased the winter wheat yield. In conclusion, our results depicted that optimizing the nitrogen dose (N225 kg/ha<sup>−1</sup>) with a 60% + 40% ratio at jointing stage increased the grain yield and nitrogen utilization rate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:56:27Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:56:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-600cc537f2a14e93923184ad45bb92f02023-11-24T00:55:34ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-09-011210147810.3390/life12101478Improving Winter Wheat Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Yield by Optimizing Nitrogen FertilizationMuhammad Saleem Kubar0Khalid S. Alshallash1Muhammad Ahsan Asghar2Meichen Feng3Ali Raza4Chao Wang5Khansa Saleem6Abd Ullah7Wude Yang8Kashif Ali Kubar9Chenbo Yang10Samy Selim11Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef12Fatmah Ahmed Safhi13Salha Mesfer Alshamrani14College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, ChinaCollege of Science and Humanities-Huraymila, Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi ArabiaAgricultural Institute, Center for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2462 Martonvásár, HungaryCollege of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, ChinaChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, ChinaDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, PakistanXinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, ChinaFaculty of Agriculture, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal 90150, Balochistan, PakistanCollege of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi ArabiaBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, EgyptDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi ArabiaWheat is the third most producing crop in China after maize and rice. In order to enhance the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and grain yield of winter wheat, a two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different nitrogen ratios and doses at various development stages of winter wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.). A total of five N doses (0, N75, N150, N225, and N300 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) as main plots and two N ratios were applied in split doses (50%:50% and 60%:40%, referring to 50% at sowing time and 50% at jointing stage, 50% at sowing time + 50% at flowering stage, 50% at sowing time + 50% at grain filling stage, and 60% + 40% N ratio applied as a 60% at sowing time and 40% at jointing stage, 60% at sowing time and 40% at flowering stage, and 60% at sowing time and 40% at grain filling stage in subplots). The results of this study revealed that a nitrogen dose of 225 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> significantly augmented the plant height by 27% and above ground biomass (ABG) by 24% at the grain filling stage, and the leaf area was enhanced by 149% at the flowering stage under 60 + 40% ratios. Furthermore, the N225 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> significantly prompted the photosynthetic rate by 47% at the jointing and flowering stages followed by grain filling stage compared to the control. The correlation analysis exhibited the positive relationship between nitrogen uptake and nitrogen content, chlorophyll, and dry biomass, revealing that NUE enhanced and ultimately increased the winter wheat yield. In conclusion, our results depicted that optimizing the nitrogen dose (N225 kg/ha<sup>−1</sup>) with a 60% + 40% ratio at jointing stage increased the grain yield and nitrogen utilization rate.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/10/1478winter wheatnitrogenphotosynthesisgrowth stagesgrain yield |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Saleem Kubar Khalid S. Alshallash Muhammad Ahsan Asghar Meichen Feng Ali Raza Chao Wang Khansa Saleem Abd Ullah Wude Yang Kashif Ali Kubar Chenbo Yang Samy Selim Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef Fatmah Ahmed Safhi Salha Mesfer Alshamrani Improving Winter Wheat Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Yield by Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization Life winter wheat nitrogen photosynthesis growth stages grain yield |
| title | Improving Winter Wheat Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Yield by Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization |
| title_full | Improving Winter Wheat Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Yield by Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization |
| title_fullStr | Improving Winter Wheat Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Yield by Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improving Winter Wheat Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Yield by Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization |
| title_short | Improving Winter Wheat Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Yield by Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization |
| title_sort | improving winter wheat photosynthesis nitrogen use efficiency and yield by optimizing nitrogen fertilization |
| topic | winter wheat nitrogen photosynthesis growth stages grain yield |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/10/1478 |
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