Investigating the performance of a greenhouse gas observatory in Hefei, China
A ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) station has been established in Hefei, China to remotely measure CO<sub>2</sub>, CO and other greenhouse gases based on near-infrared solar absorption spectra. Total column measurements of atmospheric CO<sub>2&l...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2017-07-01
|
| Series: | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/10/2627/2017/amt-10-2627-2017.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818991690541694976 |
|---|---|
| author | W. Wang Y. Tian Y. Tian C. Liu C. Liu C. Liu Y. Sun W. Liu P. Xie J. Liu J. Xu I. Morino V. A. Velazco D. W. T. Griffith J. Notholt T. Warneke |
| author_facet | W. Wang Y. Tian Y. Tian C. Liu C. Liu C. Liu Y. Sun W. Liu P. Xie J. Liu J. Xu I. Morino V. A. Velazco D. W. T. Griffith J. Notholt T. Warneke |
| author_sort | W. Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS)
station has been established in Hefei, China to remotely measure CO<sub>2</sub>, CO
and other greenhouse gases based on near-infrared solar absorption spectra.
Total column measurements of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CO were
successfully obtained from July 2014 to April 2016. The spectra collected
with an InSb detector in the first year were compared with those collected by
an InGaAs detector from July 2015, demonstrating that InGaAs spectra have
better signal-to-noise ratios and rms of spectral fitting residuals relative
to InSb spectra. Consequently, the measurement precision of the retrieved
XCO<sub>2</sub> and XCO for InGaAs spectra is superior to InSb spectra, with about
0.04 and 0.09 % for XCO<sub>2</sub>, and 1.07 and 2.00 % for XCO within
clear-sky days respectively. Daily and monthly averages of column-averaged dry
air mole fraction of CO<sub>2</sub> show a clear seasonal cycle, while the daily
and monthly averages of XCO displayed no seasonal variation. Also, we analysed
the relationship of the anomalies of XCO and XCO<sub>2</sub>, found that the
correlations are only observable for individual days, and the data under
different prevailing wind conditions during the observations displayed weak
correlation. The observations based on the high-resolution FTS were also
compared with the temporally coinciding measurements taken with a
low-resolution solar FTS instrument, the EM27/SUN. Ratioing the daily
averaged XCO<sub>2</sub> of EM27 and FTS gives an overall calibration factor of
0.996 ± 0.001. We also compared ground-based observations from the
Tsukuba TCCON station with our observations, the results showing that the
variation in phase and seasonal amplitude of XCO<sub>2</sub> are similar to our
results, but the variation of XCO in Tsukuba is quite different from our data
in Hefei. To further evaluate our retrieved data, we made use of satellite
measurements. The direct comparison of our observations with the Greenhouse
Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) data shows good agreement of daily median
XCO<sub>2</sub>, with a bias of −0.52 ppm and standard deviation of 1.63 ppm. The correlation coefficient (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) is 0.79 for daily median
XCO<sub>2</sub> between our FTS and GOSAT observations. Daily median Orbiting
Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) data produce a positive bias of 0.81 ppm and
standard deviation of 1.73 ppm relative to our ground-based data. Our daily median XCO<sub>2</sub> also show strong correlation with
OCO-2 data, with correlation coefficient (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) of 0.83. Although there
were a limited number of data during the observations due to instrument
downtime and adverse weather, the results confirm the suitability of the
observatory for ground-based long-term measurements of greenhouse gases with
high precision and accuracy, and fulfil the requirements of the Total Carbon
Column Observing Network (TCCON). |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T20:14:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-600e7f42a8fb4a388e48e4d3cfac8789 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1867-1381 1867-8548 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T20:14:17Z |
| publishDate | 2017-07-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| spelling | doaj.art-600e7f42a8fb4a388e48e4d3cfac87892022-12-21T19:27:46ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Measurement Techniques1867-13811867-85482017-07-01102627264310.5194/amt-10-2627-2017Investigating the performance of a greenhouse gas observatory in Hefei, ChinaW. Wang0Y. Tian1Y. Tian2C. Liu3C. Liu4C. Liu5Y. Sun6W. Liu7P. Xie8J. Liu9J. Xu10I. Morino11V. A. Velazco12D. W. T. Griffith13J. Notholt14T. Warneke15Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, ChinaSchool of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, ChinaCenter for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, ChinaSatellite Observation Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, JapanSchool of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, AustraliaSchool of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, AustraliaUniversity of Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics, P.O. Box 330440, 28334 Bremen, GermanyUniversity of Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics, P.O. Box 330440, 28334 Bremen, GermanyA ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) station has been established in Hefei, China to remotely measure CO<sub>2</sub>, CO and other greenhouse gases based on near-infrared solar absorption spectra. Total column measurements of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CO were successfully obtained from July 2014 to April 2016. The spectra collected with an InSb detector in the first year were compared with those collected by an InGaAs detector from July 2015, demonstrating that InGaAs spectra have better signal-to-noise ratios and rms of spectral fitting residuals relative to InSb spectra. Consequently, the measurement precision of the retrieved XCO<sub>2</sub> and XCO for InGaAs spectra is superior to InSb spectra, with about 0.04 and 0.09 % for XCO<sub>2</sub>, and 1.07 and 2.00 % for XCO within clear-sky days respectively. Daily and monthly averages of column-averaged dry air mole fraction of CO<sub>2</sub> show a clear seasonal cycle, while the daily and monthly averages of XCO displayed no seasonal variation. Also, we analysed the relationship of the anomalies of XCO and XCO<sub>2</sub>, found that the correlations are only observable for individual days, and the data under different prevailing wind conditions during the observations displayed weak correlation. The observations based on the high-resolution FTS were also compared with the temporally coinciding measurements taken with a low-resolution solar FTS instrument, the EM27/SUN. Ratioing the daily averaged XCO<sub>2</sub> of EM27 and FTS gives an overall calibration factor of 0.996 ± 0.001. We also compared ground-based observations from the Tsukuba TCCON station with our observations, the results showing that the variation in phase and seasonal amplitude of XCO<sub>2</sub> are similar to our results, but the variation of XCO in Tsukuba is quite different from our data in Hefei. To further evaluate our retrieved data, we made use of satellite measurements. The direct comparison of our observations with the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) data shows good agreement of daily median XCO<sub>2</sub>, with a bias of −0.52 ppm and standard deviation of 1.63 ppm. The correlation coefficient (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) is 0.79 for daily median XCO<sub>2</sub> between our FTS and GOSAT observations. Daily median Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) data produce a positive bias of 0.81 ppm and standard deviation of 1.73 ppm relative to our ground-based data. Our daily median XCO<sub>2</sub> also show strong correlation with OCO-2 data, with correlation coefficient (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) of 0.83. Although there were a limited number of data during the observations due to instrument downtime and adverse weather, the results confirm the suitability of the observatory for ground-based long-term measurements of greenhouse gases with high precision and accuracy, and fulfil the requirements of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON).https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/10/2627/2017/amt-10-2627-2017.pdf |
| spellingShingle | W. Wang Y. Tian Y. Tian C. Liu C. Liu C. Liu Y. Sun W. Liu P. Xie J. Liu J. Xu I. Morino V. A. Velazco D. W. T. Griffith J. Notholt T. Warneke Investigating the performance of a greenhouse gas observatory in Hefei, China Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| title | Investigating the performance of a greenhouse gas observatory in Hefei, China |
| title_full | Investigating the performance of a greenhouse gas observatory in Hefei, China |
| title_fullStr | Investigating the performance of a greenhouse gas observatory in Hefei, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating the performance of a greenhouse gas observatory in Hefei, China |
| title_short | Investigating the performance of a greenhouse gas observatory in Hefei, China |
| title_sort | investigating the performance of a greenhouse gas observatory in hefei china |
| url | https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/10/2627/2017/amt-10-2627-2017.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wwang investigatingtheperformanceofagreenhousegasobservatoryinhefeichina AT ytian investigatingtheperformanceofagreenhousegasobservatoryinhefeichina AT ytian investigatingtheperformanceofagreenhousegasobservatoryinhefeichina AT cliu investigatingtheperformanceofagreenhousegasobservatoryinhefeichina AT cliu investigatingtheperformanceofagreenhousegasobservatoryinhefeichina AT cliu investigatingtheperformanceofagreenhousegasobservatoryinhefeichina AT ysun investigatingtheperformanceofagreenhousegasobservatoryinhefeichina AT wliu investigatingtheperformanceofagreenhousegasobservatoryinhefeichina AT pxie investigatingtheperformanceofagreenhousegasobservatoryinhefeichina AT jliu investigatingtheperformanceofagreenhousegasobservatoryinhefeichina AT jxu investigatingtheperformanceofagreenhousegasobservatoryinhefeichina AT imorino investigatingtheperformanceofagreenhousegasobservatoryinhefeichina AT vavelazco investigatingtheperformanceofagreenhousegasobservatoryinhefeichina AT dwtgriffith investigatingtheperformanceofagreenhousegasobservatoryinhefeichina AT jnotholt investigatingtheperformanceofagreenhousegasobservatoryinhefeichina AT twarneke investigatingtheperformanceofagreenhousegasobservatoryinhefeichina |