LC-MS Profiling of Kakkonto and Identification of Ephedrine as a Key Component for Its Anti-Glycation Activity
A total of 147 oral Kampo prescriptions, which are used clinically in Japan, were evaluated for their anti-glycation activity. Kakkonto demonstrated significant anti-glycation activity, prompting further analysis of its chemical constituents using LC-MS, which revealed the presence of two alkaloids,...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/11/4409 |
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| author | Kaori Ito Takashi Kikuchi Kanako Ikube Kouharu Otsuki Kazuo Koike Wei Li |
| author_facet | Kaori Ito Takashi Kikuchi Kanako Ikube Kouharu Otsuki Kazuo Koike Wei Li |
| author_sort | Kaori Ito |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A total of 147 oral Kampo prescriptions, which are used clinically in Japan, were evaluated for their anti-glycation activity. Kakkonto demonstrated significant anti-glycation activity, prompting further analysis of its chemical constituents using LC-MS, which revealed the presence of two alkaloids, fourteen flavonoids, two but-2-enolides, five monoterpenoids, and four triterpenoid glycosides. To identify the components responsible for its anti-glycation activity, the Kakkonto extract was reacted with glyceraldehyde (GA) or methylglyoxal (MGO) and analyzed using LC-MS. In LC-MS analysis of Kakkonto reacted with GA, the peak intensity of ephedrine was attenuated, and three products from ephedrine-scavenging GA were detected. Similarly, LC-MS analysis of Kakkonto reacted with MGO revealed two products from ephedrine reacting with MGO. These results indicated that ephedrine was responsible for the observed anti-glycation activity of Kakkonto. Ephedrae herba extract, which contains ephedrine, also showed strong anti-glycation activity, further supporting ephedrine’s contribution to Kakkonto’s reactive carbonyl species’ scavenging ability and anti-glycation activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:01:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-60126867ef1243a1865d2859fba785f8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:01:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-60126867ef1243a1865d2859fba785f82023-11-18T08:16:16ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-05-012811440910.3390/molecules28114409LC-MS Profiling of Kakkonto and Identification of Ephedrine as a Key Component for Its Anti-Glycation ActivityKaori Ito0Takashi Kikuchi1Kanako Ikube2Kouharu Otsuki3Kazuo Koike4Wei Li5Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi 274-8510, Chiba, JapanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi 274-8510, Chiba, JapanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi 274-8510, Chiba, JapanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi 274-8510, Chiba, JapanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi 274-8510, Chiba, JapanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi 274-8510, Chiba, JapanA total of 147 oral Kampo prescriptions, which are used clinically in Japan, were evaluated for their anti-glycation activity. Kakkonto demonstrated significant anti-glycation activity, prompting further analysis of its chemical constituents using LC-MS, which revealed the presence of two alkaloids, fourteen flavonoids, two but-2-enolides, five monoterpenoids, and four triterpenoid glycosides. To identify the components responsible for its anti-glycation activity, the Kakkonto extract was reacted with glyceraldehyde (GA) or methylglyoxal (MGO) and analyzed using LC-MS. In LC-MS analysis of Kakkonto reacted with GA, the peak intensity of ephedrine was attenuated, and three products from ephedrine-scavenging GA were detected. Similarly, LC-MS analysis of Kakkonto reacted with MGO revealed two products from ephedrine reacting with MGO. These results indicated that ephedrine was responsible for the observed anti-glycation activity of Kakkonto. Ephedrae herba extract, which contains ephedrine, also showed strong anti-glycation activity, further supporting ephedrine’s contribution to Kakkonto’s reactive carbonyl species’ scavenging ability and anti-glycation activity.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/11/4409KampoKakkontoanti-glycation activityadvanced glycation end productsephedrine |
| spellingShingle | Kaori Ito Takashi Kikuchi Kanako Ikube Kouharu Otsuki Kazuo Koike Wei Li LC-MS Profiling of Kakkonto and Identification of Ephedrine as a Key Component for Its Anti-Glycation Activity Molecules Kampo Kakkonto anti-glycation activity advanced glycation end products ephedrine |
| title | LC-MS Profiling of Kakkonto and Identification of Ephedrine as a Key Component for Its Anti-Glycation Activity |
| title_full | LC-MS Profiling of Kakkonto and Identification of Ephedrine as a Key Component for Its Anti-Glycation Activity |
| title_fullStr | LC-MS Profiling of Kakkonto and Identification of Ephedrine as a Key Component for Its Anti-Glycation Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | LC-MS Profiling of Kakkonto and Identification of Ephedrine as a Key Component for Its Anti-Glycation Activity |
| title_short | LC-MS Profiling of Kakkonto and Identification of Ephedrine as a Key Component for Its Anti-Glycation Activity |
| title_sort | lc ms profiling of kakkonto and identification of ephedrine as a key component for its anti glycation activity |
| topic | Kampo Kakkonto anti-glycation activity advanced glycation end products ephedrine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/11/4409 |
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