Effect of Gallic Acid on Reactivation of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibited by Diazinon in Vitro and in Vivo
Background and purpose: Diazinon is an organophosphate insecticide that binds to the acetylcholinesterase enzyme after metabolization causing its inactivation. Galic acid is a polyphenolic compound with nucleophilic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gallic acid on r...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
2020-10-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-13739-en.html |
| _version_ | 1828069808331030528 |
|---|---|
| author | Farzaneh Sadat Motafeghi Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh Pegah Karbalaei Hamidreza Mohammadi |
| author_facet | Farzaneh Sadat Motafeghi Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh Pegah Karbalaei Hamidreza Mohammadi |
| author_sort | Farzaneh Sadat Motafeghi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and purpose: Diazinon is an organophosphate insecticide that binds to the acetylcholinesterase enzyme after metabolization causing its inactivation. Galic acid is a polyphenolic compound with nucleophilic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gallic acid on reactivation of acetylcholine and butyrylcholinesterase inhibited by diazinon in mice and human serum and erythrocytes.
Materials and methods: The animals were divided into seven groups, including a control group that received corn oil as a solvent and other groups that received diazinon (80 mg/kg), atropine (20 mg/kg), and pralidoxime (20 mg/kg). Gallic acid was injected intraperitoneally at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. Cholinesterase levels (acetylcholine and butyrylcholinesterase) were evaluated after 3 and 24 h of intoxication in mice serum and erythrocytes. In addition, in vitro studies were done in human serum and RBCs.
Results: Activities of cholinesterase in serum and erythrocytes significantly decreased after 3 and 24 hours of poisoning in diazinon-treated group compared to control group in vivo and in vitro. Co-treatment with atropine and gallic acid (at all doses) significantly increased cholinesterase activity compared to the diazinon group in vitro and in vivo (P< 0.0001).
Conclusion: Combination therapy with gallic acid (at different doses) and atropine reduced inhibition of cholinesterase activity caused by diazinon and improved its reactivation. Gallic acid reactivates cholinesterase activity which might be due to hydroxyl groups in its compounds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:25:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-601603a9a44b448b99c5506a2375e14d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1735-9260 1735-9279 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:25:02Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-601603a9a44b448b99c5506a2375e14d2023-01-08T09:00:28ZengMazandaran University of Medical SciencesJournal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences1735-92601735-92792020-10-0130189113Effect of Gallic Acid on Reactivation of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibited by Diazinon in Vitro and in VivoFarzaneh Sadat Motafeghi0Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh1Pegah Karbalaei2Hamidreza Mohammadi3 PhD Student in Toxicology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Professor, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Doctor of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar International Unit, Sari, Iran Associate Professor, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Background and purpose: Diazinon is an organophosphate insecticide that binds to the acetylcholinesterase enzyme after metabolization causing its inactivation. Galic acid is a polyphenolic compound with nucleophilic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gallic acid on reactivation of acetylcholine and butyrylcholinesterase inhibited by diazinon in mice and human serum and erythrocytes. Materials and methods: The animals were divided into seven groups, including a control group that received corn oil as a solvent and other groups that received diazinon (80 mg/kg), atropine (20 mg/kg), and pralidoxime (20 mg/kg). Gallic acid was injected intraperitoneally at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. Cholinesterase levels (acetylcholine and butyrylcholinesterase) were evaluated after 3 and 24 h of intoxication in mice serum and erythrocytes. In addition, in vitro studies were done in human serum and RBCs. Results: Activities of cholinesterase in serum and erythrocytes significantly decreased after 3 and 24 hours of poisoning in diazinon-treated group compared to control group in vivo and in vitro. Co-treatment with atropine and gallic acid (at all doses) significantly increased cholinesterase activity compared to the diazinon group in vitro and in vivo (P< 0.0001). Conclusion: Combination therapy with gallic acid (at different doses) and atropine reduced inhibition of cholinesterase activity caused by diazinon and improved its reactivation. Gallic acid reactivates cholinesterase activity which might be due to hydroxyl groups in its compounds.http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-13739-en.htmlcholinesterasediazinongallic acidatropine |
| spellingShingle | Farzaneh Sadat Motafeghi Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh Pegah Karbalaei Hamidreza Mohammadi Effect of Gallic Acid on Reactivation of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibited by Diazinon in Vitro and in Vivo Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences cholinesterase diazinon gallic acid atropine |
| title | Effect of Gallic Acid on Reactivation of Acetylcholinesterase
and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibited by Diazinon
in Vitro and in Vivo |
| title_full | Effect of Gallic Acid on Reactivation of Acetylcholinesterase
and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibited by Diazinon
in Vitro and in Vivo |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Gallic Acid on Reactivation of Acetylcholinesterase
and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibited by Diazinon
in Vitro and in Vivo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Gallic Acid on Reactivation of Acetylcholinesterase
and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibited by Diazinon
in Vitro and in Vivo |
| title_short | Effect of Gallic Acid on Reactivation of Acetylcholinesterase
and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibited by Diazinon
in Vitro and in Vivo |
| title_sort | effect of gallic acid on reactivation of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibited by diazinon in vitro and in vivo |
| topic | cholinesterase diazinon gallic acid atropine |
| url | http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-13739-en.html |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT farzanehsadatmotafeghi effectofgallicacidonreactivationofacetylcholinesteraseandbutyrylcholinesteraseinhibitedbydiazinoninvitroandinvivo AT mohammadaliebrahimzadeh effectofgallicacidonreactivationofacetylcholinesteraseandbutyrylcholinesteraseinhibitedbydiazinoninvitroandinvivo AT pegahkarbalaei effectofgallicacidonreactivationofacetylcholinesteraseandbutyrylcholinesteraseinhibitedbydiazinoninvitroandinvivo AT hamidrezamohammadi effectofgallicacidonreactivationofacetylcholinesteraseandbutyrylcholinesteraseinhibitedbydiazinoninvitroandinvivo |