It’s Getting Complicated—A Fresh Look at p53-MDM2-ARF Triangle in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Therapy
Anti-tumorigenic mechanisms mediated by the tumor suppressor p53, upon oncogenic stresses, are our bodies’ greatest weapons to battle against cancer onset and development. Consequently, factors that possess significant p53-regulating activities have been subjects of serious interest from the cancer...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.818744/full |
| _version_ | 1818333591369678848 |
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| author | Che-Pei Kung Che-Pei Kung Jason D. Weber Jason D. Weber Jason D. Weber |
| author_facet | Che-Pei Kung Che-Pei Kung Jason D. Weber Jason D. Weber Jason D. Weber |
| author_sort | Che-Pei Kung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Anti-tumorigenic mechanisms mediated by the tumor suppressor p53, upon oncogenic stresses, are our bodies’ greatest weapons to battle against cancer onset and development. Consequently, factors that possess significant p53-regulating activities have been subjects of serious interest from the cancer research community. Among them, MDM2 and ARF are considered the most influential p53 regulators due to their abilities to inhibit and activate p53 functions, respectively. MDM2 inhibits p53 by promoting ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of p53, while ARF activates p53 by physically interacting with MDM2 to block its access to p53. This conventional understanding of p53-MDM2-ARF functional triangle have guided the direction of p53 research, as well as the development of p53-based therapeutic strategies for the last 30 years. Our increasing knowledge of this triangle during this time, especially through identification of p53-independent functions of MDM2 and ARF, have uncovered many under-appreciated molecular mechanisms connecting these three proteins. Through recognizing both antagonizing and synergizing relationships among them, our consideration for harnessing these relationships to develop effective cancer therapies needs an update accordingly. In this review, we will re-visit the conventional wisdom regarding p53-MDM2-ARF tumor-regulating mechanisms, highlight impactful studies contributing to the modern look of their relationships, and summarize ongoing efforts to target this pathway for effective cancer treatments. A refreshed appreciation of p53-MDM2-ARF network can bring innovative approaches to develop new generations of genetically-informed and clinically-effective cancer therapies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T13:54:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-601d69ae18234fac8f2b99d42deb97ff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T13:54:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-601d69ae18234fac8f2b99d42deb97ff2022-12-21T23:42:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2022-01-011010.3389/fcell.2022.818744818744It’s Getting Complicated—A Fresh Look at p53-MDM2-ARF Triangle in Tumorigenesis and Cancer TherapyChe-Pei Kung0Che-Pei Kung1Jason D. Weber2Jason D. Weber3Jason D. Weber4ICCE Institute, St. Louis, MO, United StatesDivision of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United StatesICCE Institute, St. Louis, MO, United StatesDivision of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United StatesAlvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United StatesAnti-tumorigenic mechanisms mediated by the tumor suppressor p53, upon oncogenic stresses, are our bodies’ greatest weapons to battle against cancer onset and development. Consequently, factors that possess significant p53-regulating activities have been subjects of serious interest from the cancer research community. Among them, MDM2 and ARF are considered the most influential p53 regulators due to their abilities to inhibit and activate p53 functions, respectively. MDM2 inhibits p53 by promoting ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of p53, while ARF activates p53 by physically interacting with MDM2 to block its access to p53. This conventional understanding of p53-MDM2-ARF functional triangle have guided the direction of p53 research, as well as the development of p53-based therapeutic strategies for the last 30 years. Our increasing knowledge of this triangle during this time, especially through identification of p53-independent functions of MDM2 and ARF, have uncovered many under-appreciated molecular mechanisms connecting these three proteins. Through recognizing both antagonizing and synergizing relationships among them, our consideration for harnessing these relationships to develop effective cancer therapies needs an update accordingly. In this review, we will re-visit the conventional wisdom regarding p53-MDM2-ARF tumor-regulating mechanisms, highlight impactful studies contributing to the modern look of their relationships, and summarize ongoing efforts to target this pathway for effective cancer treatments. A refreshed appreciation of p53-MDM2-ARF network can bring innovative approaches to develop new generations of genetically-informed and clinically-effective cancer therapies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.818744/fullp53MDM2p14ARFARFCDKN2Atumor suppressor |
| spellingShingle | Che-Pei Kung Che-Pei Kung Jason D. Weber Jason D. Weber Jason D. Weber It’s Getting Complicated—A Fresh Look at p53-MDM2-ARF Triangle in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Therapy Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology p53 MDM2 p14ARF ARF CDKN2A tumor suppressor |
| title | It’s Getting Complicated—A Fresh Look at p53-MDM2-ARF Triangle in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Therapy |
| title_full | It’s Getting Complicated—A Fresh Look at p53-MDM2-ARF Triangle in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Therapy |
| title_fullStr | It’s Getting Complicated—A Fresh Look at p53-MDM2-ARF Triangle in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | It’s Getting Complicated—A Fresh Look at p53-MDM2-ARF Triangle in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Therapy |
| title_short | It’s Getting Complicated—A Fresh Look at p53-MDM2-ARF Triangle in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Therapy |
| title_sort | it s getting complicated a fresh look at p53 mdm2 arf triangle in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy |
| topic | p53 MDM2 p14ARF ARF CDKN2A tumor suppressor |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.818744/full |
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