THE CHARACTERIZATION OF A CORRODED EGYPTIAN BRONZE STATUE AND A STUDY OF THE DEGRADATION PHENOMENA
This paper presents the results of scientific examinations carried out on an Egyptian bronze statue discovered buried in Sais. Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to understand the corrosi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi
2011-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Conservation Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://ijcs.uaic.ro/pub/IJCS-11-09-Ghoniem.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819054646257254400 |
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| author | Mohamed GHONIEM |
| author_facet | Mohamed GHONIEM |
| author_sort | Mohamed GHONIEM |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents the results of scientific examinations carried out on an Egyptian bronze statue discovered buried in Sais. Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to understand the corrosive morphological characteristics of the patina, to investigate the corrosion products, analyze the elementary composition of the statue and to identify the corrosive factors with effects on the alteration processes. The results indicated that the statue was made of bronze alloy, with copper as the main element, besides lead and tin. Three layers of alteration products with various composition and morphology covered the substrate of the bronze alloy. XRD results indicated that the statue was subjected to many corrosive ions such as sulfur and chloride, and buried in wet soil, rich in oxygen and carbon. This study provides useful information for the restoration and protection of the statue. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T12:54:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-60285ba5cf894e26be6da4c56c40b275 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2067-533X 2067-8223 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T12:54:56Z |
| publishDate | 2011-06-01 |
| publisher | Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Conservation Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-60285ba5cf894e26be6da4c56c40b2752022-12-21T19:03:22ZengAlexandru Ioan Cuza University of IasiInternational Journal of Conservation Science2067-533X2067-82232011-06-012295108THE CHARACTERIZATION OF A CORRODED EGYPTIAN BRONZE STATUE AND A STUDY OF THE DEGRADATION PHENOMENAMohamed GHONIEMThis paper presents the results of scientific examinations carried out on an Egyptian bronze statue discovered buried in Sais. Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to understand the corrosive morphological characteristics of the patina, to investigate the corrosion products, analyze the elementary composition of the statue and to identify the corrosive factors with effects on the alteration processes. The results indicated that the statue was made of bronze alloy, with copper as the main element, besides lead and tin. Three layers of alteration products with various composition and morphology covered the substrate of the bronze alloy. XRD results indicated that the statue was subjected to many corrosive ions such as sulfur and chloride, and buried in wet soil, rich in oxygen and carbon. This study provides useful information for the restoration and protection of the statue.http://ijcs.uaic.ro/pub/IJCS-11-09-Ghoniem.pdfcorrosion productspatinaSEM-EDSXRDbronze alloy |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed GHONIEM THE CHARACTERIZATION OF A CORRODED EGYPTIAN BRONZE STATUE AND A STUDY OF THE DEGRADATION PHENOMENA International Journal of Conservation Science corrosion products patina SEM-EDS XRD bronze alloy |
| title | THE CHARACTERIZATION OF A CORRODED EGYPTIAN BRONZE STATUE AND A STUDY OF THE DEGRADATION PHENOMENA |
| title_full | THE CHARACTERIZATION OF A CORRODED EGYPTIAN BRONZE STATUE AND A STUDY OF THE DEGRADATION PHENOMENA |
| title_fullStr | THE CHARACTERIZATION OF A CORRODED EGYPTIAN BRONZE STATUE AND A STUDY OF THE DEGRADATION PHENOMENA |
| title_full_unstemmed | THE CHARACTERIZATION OF A CORRODED EGYPTIAN BRONZE STATUE AND A STUDY OF THE DEGRADATION PHENOMENA |
| title_short | THE CHARACTERIZATION OF A CORRODED EGYPTIAN BRONZE STATUE AND A STUDY OF THE DEGRADATION PHENOMENA |
| title_sort | characterization of a corroded egyptian bronze statue and a study of the degradation phenomena |
| topic | corrosion products patina SEM-EDS XRD bronze alloy |
| url | http://ijcs.uaic.ro/pub/IJCS-11-09-Ghoniem.pdf |
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