Oxidation of Sulfamethoxazole by Rice Husk Biochar-Activated Persulfate
In the present study, biochars from rice husk were synthesized via pyrolysis at 400, 550, 700 and 850 °C for 1 h under a limited O<sub>2</sub> atmosphere, characterized with a various techniques of and used as catalysts to activate persulfate and to degrade sulfamethoxazole (SMX). After...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/7/850 |
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| author | Efstathios Avramiotis Zacharias Frontistis Ioannis D. Manariotis John Vakros Dionissios Mantzavinos |
| author_facet | Efstathios Avramiotis Zacharias Frontistis Ioannis D. Manariotis John Vakros Dionissios Mantzavinos |
| author_sort | Efstathios Avramiotis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present study, biochars from rice husk were synthesized via pyrolysis at 400, 550, 700 and 850 °C for 1 h under a limited O<sub>2</sub> atmosphere, characterized with a various techniques of and used as catalysts to activate persulfate and to degrade sulfamethoxazole (SMX). After physicochemical characterization of biochars. SMX degradation tests were performed using different water matrices, persulfate biochar and SMX concentrations and different initial pH solutions. Also, spiked solutions with bicarbonate, chloride, calcium nitrate, humic acid or alcohols were tested. It was found that catalytic reactivity rises with the pyrolysis temperature. Biochar is crucial for the oxidation of SMX and it can be described with a pseudo first–order kinetic model. Real matrices hinder the oxidation process, in waste water the SMX removal is 41% in 90 min, comparable with the inhibition obtained with spiked with bicarbonates solution (52% removal within 90 min) while complete removal can be achieved in ultrapure water matrices. The presence of alcohol slightly inhibits degradation contrary to the addition of sodium azide which causes significant inhibition, this is an evidence that degradation either under electron transfer/singlet oxygen control or dominated by surface-bound radicals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:43:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-602aa339df0f4c2aa4f11c5082533871 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:43:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-602aa339df0f4c2aa4f11c50825338712023-11-22T03:27:30ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442021-07-0111785010.3390/catal11070850Oxidation of Sulfamethoxazole by Rice Husk Biochar-Activated PersulfateEfstathios Avramiotis0Zacharias Frontistis1Ioannis D. Manariotis2John Vakros3Dionissios Mantzavinos4Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, GR-26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR-50100 Kozani, GreeceEnvironmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, GR-26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, GR-26504 Patras, GreeceIn the present study, biochars from rice husk were synthesized via pyrolysis at 400, 550, 700 and 850 °C for 1 h under a limited O<sub>2</sub> atmosphere, characterized with a various techniques of and used as catalysts to activate persulfate and to degrade sulfamethoxazole (SMX). After physicochemical characterization of biochars. SMX degradation tests were performed using different water matrices, persulfate biochar and SMX concentrations and different initial pH solutions. Also, spiked solutions with bicarbonate, chloride, calcium nitrate, humic acid or alcohols were tested. It was found that catalytic reactivity rises with the pyrolysis temperature. Biochar is crucial for the oxidation of SMX and it can be described with a pseudo first–order kinetic model. Real matrices hinder the oxidation process, in waste water the SMX removal is 41% in 90 min, comparable with the inhibition obtained with spiked with bicarbonates solution (52% removal within 90 min) while complete removal can be achieved in ultrapure water matrices. The presence of alcohol slightly inhibits degradation contrary to the addition of sodium azide which causes significant inhibition, this is an evidence that degradation either under electron transfer/singlet oxygen control or dominated by surface-bound radicals.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/7/850biocharrice husksodium persulfateadvanced oxidation processeswastewatersulfamethoxazole |
| spellingShingle | Efstathios Avramiotis Zacharias Frontistis Ioannis D. Manariotis John Vakros Dionissios Mantzavinos Oxidation of Sulfamethoxazole by Rice Husk Biochar-Activated Persulfate Catalysts biochar rice husk sodium persulfate advanced oxidation processes wastewater sulfamethoxazole |
| title | Oxidation of Sulfamethoxazole by Rice Husk Biochar-Activated Persulfate |
| title_full | Oxidation of Sulfamethoxazole by Rice Husk Biochar-Activated Persulfate |
| title_fullStr | Oxidation of Sulfamethoxazole by Rice Husk Biochar-Activated Persulfate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxidation of Sulfamethoxazole by Rice Husk Biochar-Activated Persulfate |
| title_short | Oxidation of Sulfamethoxazole by Rice Husk Biochar-Activated Persulfate |
| title_sort | oxidation of sulfamethoxazole by rice husk biochar activated persulfate |
| topic | biochar rice husk sodium persulfate advanced oxidation processes wastewater sulfamethoxazole |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/7/850 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT efstathiosavramiotis oxidationofsulfamethoxazolebyricehuskbiocharactivatedpersulfate AT zachariasfrontistis oxidationofsulfamethoxazolebyricehuskbiocharactivatedpersulfate AT ioannisdmanariotis oxidationofsulfamethoxazolebyricehuskbiocharactivatedpersulfate AT johnvakros oxidationofsulfamethoxazolebyricehuskbiocharactivatedpersulfate AT dionissiosmantzavinos oxidationofsulfamethoxazolebyricehuskbiocharactivatedpersulfate |