Immunological Cross-Protection between Different Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses—Implications for Rabbit Biocontrol and Vaccine Development
The use of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) as a biocontrol agent to control feral rabbit populations in Australia, in combination with circulating endemic strains, provides a unique environment to observe the interactions between different lagoviruses competing for the same host. Following t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/5/666 |
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| author | Tiffany W. O’Connor Andrew J. Read Robyn N. Hall Tanja Strive Peter D. Kirkland |
| author_facet | Tiffany W. O’Connor Andrew J. Read Robyn N. Hall Tanja Strive Peter D. Kirkland |
| author_sort | Tiffany W. O’Connor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) as a biocontrol agent to control feral rabbit populations in Australia, in combination with circulating endemic strains, provides a unique environment to observe the interactions between different lagoviruses competing for the same host. Following the arrival of RHDV2 (GI.2) in Australia, it became necessary to investigate the potential for immunological cross-protection between different variants, and the implications of this for biocontrol programs and vaccine development. Laboratory rabbits of various immune status—(1) rabbits with no detectable immunity against RHDV; (2) rabbits with experimentally acquired immunity after laboratory challenge; (3) rabbits immunised with a GI.2-specific or a multivalent RHDV inactivated virus prototype vaccine; or (4) rabbits with naturally acquired immunity—were challenged with one of three different RHDV variants (GI.1c, GI.1a or GI.2). The degree of cross-protection observed in immune rabbits was associated with the variant used for challenge, infectious dose of the virus and age, or time since acquisition of the immunity, at challenge. The immune status of feral rabbit populations should be determined prior to intentional RHDV release because of the high survival proportions in rabbits with pre-existing immunity. In addition, to protect domestic rabbits in Australia, a multivalent RHDV vaccine should be considered because of the limited cross-protection observed in rabbits given monovalent vaccines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:40:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-602beb14195c47b88bd8e5b462b7b015 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:40:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-602beb14195c47b88bd8e5b462b7b0152023-11-23T13:25:09ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-04-0110566610.3390/vaccines10050666Immunological Cross-Protection between Different Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses—Implications for Rabbit Biocontrol and Vaccine DevelopmentTiffany W. O’Connor0Andrew J. Read1Robyn N. Hall2Tanja Strive3Peter D. Kirkland4Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, AustraliaVirology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, AustraliaHealth & Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton, ACT 2601, AustraliaHealth & Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton, ACT 2601, AustraliaVirology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, AustraliaThe use of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) as a biocontrol agent to control feral rabbit populations in Australia, in combination with circulating endemic strains, provides a unique environment to observe the interactions between different lagoviruses competing for the same host. Following the arrival of RHDV2 (GI.2) in Australia, it became necessary to investigate the potential for immunological cross-protection between different variants, and the implications of this for biocontrol programs and vaccine development. Laboratory rabbits of various immune status—(1) rabbits with no detectable immunity against RHDV; (2) rabbits with experimentally acquired immunity after laboratory challenge; (3) rabbits immunised with a GI.2-specific or a multivalent RHDV inactivated virus prototype vaccine; or (4) rabbits with naturally acquired immunity—were challenged with one of three different RHDV variants (GI.1c, GI.1a or GI.2). The degree of cross-protection observed in immune rabbits was associated with the variant used for challenge, infectious dose of the virus and age, or time since acquisition of the immunity, at challenge. The immune status of feral rabbit populations should be determined prior to intentional RHDV release because of the high survival proportions in rabbits with pre-existing immunity. In addition, to protect domestic rabbits in Australia, a multivalent RHDV vaccine should be considered because of the limited cross-protection observed in rabbits given monovalent vaccines.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/5/666lagovirusrabbit hemorrhagic disease virusRHDV1RHDV2rabbit caliciviruscross-protection |
| spellingShingle | Tiffany W. O’Connor Andrew J. Read Robyn N. Hall Tanja Strive Peter D. Kirkland Immunological Cross-Protection between Different Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses—Implications for Rabbit Biocontrol and Vaccine Development Vaccines lagovirus rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus RHDV1 RHDV2 rabbit calicivirus cross-protection |
| title | Immunological Cross-Protection between Different Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses—Implications for Rabbit Biocontrol and Vaccine Development |
| title_full | Immunological Cross-Protection between Different Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses—Implications for Rabbit Biocontrol and Vaccine Development |
| title_fullStr | Immunological Cross-Protection between Different Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses—Implications for Rabbit Biocontrol and Vaccine Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunological Cross-Protection between Different Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses—Implications for Rabbit Biocontrol and Vaccine Development |
| title_short | Immunological Cross-Protection between Different Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses—Implications for Rabbit Biocontrol and Vaccine Development |
| title_sort | immunological cross protection between different rabbit hemorrhagic disease viruses implications for rabbit biocontrol and vaccine development |
| topic | lagovirus rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus RHDV1 RHDV2 rabbit calicivirus cross-protection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/5/666 |
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