Iron Homeostasis Disorder and Alzheimer’s Disease
Iron is an essential trace metal for almost all organisms, including human; however, oxidative stress can easily be caused when iron is in excess, producing toxicity to the human body due to its capability to be both an electron donor and an electron acceptor. Although there is a strict regulation m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12442 |
| _version_ | 1797509993543499776 |
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| author | Yu Peng Xuejiao Chang Minglin Lang |
| author_facet | Yu Peng Xuejiao Chang Minglin Lang |
| author_sort | Yu Peng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Iron is an essential trace metal for almost all organisms, including human; however, oxidative stress can easily be caused when iron is in excess, producing toxicity to the human body due to its capability to be both an electron donor and an electron acceptor. Although there is a strict regulation mechanism for iron homeostasis in the human body and brain, it is usually inevitably disturbed by genetic and environmental factors, or disordered with aging, which leads to iron metabolism diseases, including many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is one of the most common degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) threatening human health. However, the precise pathogenesis of AD is still unclear, which seriously restricts the design of interventions and treatment drugs based on the pathogenesis of AD. Many studies have observed abnormal iron accumulation in different regions of the AD brain, resulting in cognitive, memory, motor and other nerve damages. Understanding the metabolic balance mechanism of iron in the brain is crucial for the treatment of AD, which would provide new cures for the disease. This paper reviews the recent progress in the relationship between iron and AD from the aspects of iron absorption in intestinal cells, storage and regulation of iron in cells and organs, especially for the regulation of iron homeostasis in the human brain and prospects the future directions for AD treatments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:25:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6058674f614d4d88b2069ca014dd6ce6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:25:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6058674f614d4d88b2069ca014dd6ce62023-11-22T23:42:27ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-11-0122221244210.3390/ijms222212442Iron Homeostasis Disorder and Alzheimer’s DiseaseYu Peng0Xuejiao Chang1Minglin Lang2CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaIron is an essential trace metal for almost all organisms, including human; however, oxidative stress can easily be caused when iron is in excess, producing toxicity to the human body due to its capability to be both an electron donor and an electron acceptor. Although there is a strict regulation mechanism for iron homeostasis in the human body and brain, it is usually inevitably disturbed by genetic and environmental factors, or disordered with aging, which leads to iron metabolism diseases, including many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is one of the most common degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) threatening human health. However, the precise pathogenesis of AD is still unclear, which seriously restricts the design of interventions and treatment drugs based on the pathogenesis of AD. Many studies have observed abnormal iron accumulation in different regions of the AD brain, resulting in cognitive, memory, motor and other nerve damages. Understanding the metabolic balance mechanism of iron in the brain is crucial for the treatment of AD, which would provide new cures for the disease. This paper reviews the recent progress in the relationship between iron and AD from the aspects of iron absorption in intestinal cells, storage and regulation of iron in cells and organs, especially for the regulation of iron homeostasis in the human brain and prospects the future directions for AD treatments.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12442Alzheimer’s diseaseiron homeostasis disorderiron homeostasis regulatorsβ-amyloidtauAPP |
| spellingShingle | Yu Peng Xuejiao Chang Minglin Lang Iron Homeostasis Disorder and Alzheimer’s Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences Alzheimer’s disease iron homeostasis disorder iron homeostasis regulators β-amyloid tau APP |
| title | Iron Homeostasis Disorder and Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_full | Iron Homeostasis Disorder and Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | Iron Homeostasis Disorder and Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Iron Homeostasis Disorder and Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_short | Iron Homeostasis Disorder and Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_sort | iron homeostasis disorder and alzheimer s disease |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease iron homeostasis disorder iron homeostasis regulators β-amyloid tau APP |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12442 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yupeng ironhomeostasisdisorderandalzheimersdisease AT xuejiaochang ironhomeostasisdisorderandalzheimersdisease AT minglinlang ironhomeostasisdisorderandalzheimersdisease |