A highly mutable GST is essential for bract colouration in Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotsch
Abstract Background Mutation breeding is an extraordinary tool in plant breeding to increase the genetic variability, where mutations in anthocyanin biosynthesis are targets to generate distinctive phenotypes in ornamental species. In poinsettia, ionizing radiation is routinely applied in breeding p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Genomics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07527-z |
| _version_ | 1818725150113136640 |
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| author | Vinicius Vilperte Robert Boehm Thomas Debener |
| author_facet | Vinicius Vilperte Robert Boehm Thomas Debener |
| author_sort | Vinicius Vilperte |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Mutation breeding is an extraordinary tool in plant breeding to increase the genetic variability, where mutations in anthocyanin biosynthesis are targets to generate distinctive phenotypes in ornamental species. In poinsettia, ionizing radiation is routinely applied in breeding programs to obtaining a range of colours, with nearly all pink and white varieties being obtained after γ- or X-ray mutagenesis of red varieties. In the present study we performed a thorough characterization of a potential mutagenesis target gene as the main responsible for the ‘white paradox’ in poinsettia. Results We identified a GST gene in poinsettia (Bract1) as an essential factor for the expression of anthocyanin-based red colouration of bracts, which presents a high phylogenetic similarity to known anthocyanin-related GSTs. Red poinsettia varieties and white mutants generated from these varieties by X-ray were analysed for polymorphisms related to the ‘white paradox’ in the species. A 4 bp mutation in a short repeat within the coding region of Bract1 is most likely responsible for the appearance of white phenotypes upon irradiation treatment. The polymorphism between wild-type and mutant alleles co-segregates with the phenotype in progeny from heterozygous red and white parents. Moreover, overexpression of Bract1 wild-type allele in Arabidopsis tt19 mutants restored the anthocyanin phenotype, while the Bract1 mutated allele showed to be non-functional. Conclusions The identified repeat seems to be highly unstable, since mutated plants can be easily detected among fewer than 200 shoots derived from 10 mutated plants. Our data indicate that particular short repeat sequences, similar to microsatellite sequences or so-called dynamic mutations, might be hot spots for genetic variability. Moreover, the identification of the Bract1 mutation fills a gap on the understanding on the molecular mechanism of colour formation in poinsettia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T21:37:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-605bd86582e04e0485d17a239b4f0695 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2164 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T21:37:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Genomics |
| spelling | doaj.art-605bd86582e04e0485d17a239b4f06952022-12-21T21:31:42ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642021-03-0122111610.1186/s12864-021-07527-zA highly mutable GST is essential for bract colouration in Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex KlotschVinicius Vilperte0Robert Boehm1Thomas Debener2Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverKlemm + Sohn GmbH & Co.Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverAbstract Background Mutation breeding is an extraordinary tool in plant breeding to increase the genetic variability, where mutations in anthocyanin biosynthesis are targets to generate distinctive phenotypes in ornamental species. In poinsettia, ionizing radiation is routinely applied in breeding programs to obtaining a range of colours, with nearly all pink and white varieties being obtained after γ- or X-ray mutagenesis of red varieties. In the present study we performed a thorough characterization of a potential mutagenesis target gene as the main responsible for the ‘white paradox’ in poinsettia. Results We identified a GST gene in poinsettia (Bract1) as an essential factor for the expression of anthocyanin-based red colouration of bracts, which presents a high phylogenetic similarity to known anthocyanin-related GSTs. Red poinsettia varieties and white mutants generated from these varieties by X-ray were analysed for polymorphisms related to the ‘white paradox’ in the species. A 4 bp mutation in a short repeat within the coding region of Bract1 is most likely responsible for the appearance of white phenotypes upon irradiation treatment. The polymorphism between wild-type and mutant alleles co-segregates with the phenotype in progeny from heterozygous red and white parents. Moreover, overexpression of Bract1 wild-type allele in Arabidopsis tt19 mutants restored the anthocyanin phenotype, while the Bract1 mutated allele showed to be non-functional. Conclusions The identified repeat seems to be highly unstable, since mutated plants can be easily detected among fewer than 200 shoots derived from 10 mutated plants. Our data indicate that particular short repeat sequences, similar to microsatellite sequences or so-called dynamic mutations, might be hot spots for genetic variability. Moreover, the identification of the Bract1 mutation fills a gap on the understanding on the molecular mechanism of colour formation in poinsettia.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07527-zAnthocyaninEuphorbia pulcherrimaIonizing radiationGlutathione S-transferaseMutation breedingPoinsettia |
| spellingShingle | Vinicius Vilperte Robert Boehm Thomas Debener A highly mutable GST is essential for bract colouration in Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotsch BMC Genomics Anthocyanin Euphorbia pulcherrima Ionizing radiation Glutathione S-transferase Mutation breeding Poinsettia |
| title | A highly mutable GST is essential for bract colouration in Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotsch |
| title_full | A highly mutable GST is essential for bract colouration in Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotsch |
| title_fullStr | A highly mutable GST is essential for bract colouration in Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotsch |
| title_full_unstemmed | A highly mutable GST is essential for bract colouration in Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotsch |
| title_short | A highly mutable GST is essential for bract colouration in Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotsch |
| title_sort | highly mutable gst is essential for bract colouration in euphorbia pulcherrima willd ex klotsch |
| topic | Anthocyanin Euphorbia pulcherrima Ionizing radiation Glutathione S-transferase Mutation breeding Poinsettia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07527-z |
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