Corrosion and Conservation Management of the Submarine HMAS AE2 (1915) in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey
The wreck site of the Australian First World War submarine HMAS AE2 in the Sea of Marmara had a salinity of 26‰ (parts per thousand) for the first 13 m, which increased to 41‰ at 21 m, after which it remained constant to the bottom at 72 m, where the dissolved oxygen was three...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Heritage |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/2/1/58 |
| _version_ | 1818931441610784768 |
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| author | Ian D. MacLeod |
| author_facet | Ian D. MacLeod |
| author_sort | Ian D. MacLeod |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The wreck site of the Australian First World War submarine HMAS AE2 in the Sea of Marmara had a salinity of 26‰ (parts per thousand) for the first 13 m, which increased to 41‰ at 21 m, after which it remained constant to the bottom at 72 m, where the dissolved oxygen was three parts per million. The vessel is protected by a very dense anaerobic concretion and lies half above a silt mound. Cross-sections of a concretion sample revealed the original surface, associated paint films and a series of burial-exposure episodes that reflected periodic changes in the silt levels, which are likely associated with major storms. Core samples of sediment have established the impact of the vessel on the site. Corrosion simulation experiments have established the direct linkage between chloride levels underneath the concretion layer and the pH of the entrapped solution. Following the initial drop camera survey, an ROV (Remote Observation Vehicle) examination of the interior of the boat showed a remarkable degree of preservation. A network of ten-tonnes of zinc anodes were distributed at the stern, amidships and the bow to bring about in-situ conservation of the historic submarine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T04:16:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6065c53c7aea45708eaff201560a7dbb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2571-9408 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T04:16:39Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heritage |
| spelling | doaj.art-6065c53c7aea45708eaff201560a7dbb2022-12-21T19:53:45ZengMDPI AGHeritage2571-94082019-03-012186888310.3390/heritage2010058heritage2010058Corrosion and Conservation Management of the Submarine HMAS AE2 (1915) in the Sea of Marmara, TurkeyIan D. MacLeod0Western Australian Maritime Museum, Victoria Quay Drive, Fremantle, WA 6160, AustraliaThe wreck site of the Australian First World War submarine HMAS AE2 in the Sea of Marmara had a salinity of 26‰ (parts per thousand) for the first 13 m, which increased to 41‰ at 21 m, after which it remained constant to the bottom at 72 m, where the dissolved oxygen was three parts per million. The vessel is protected by a very dense anaerobic concretion and lies half above a silt mound. Cross-sections of a concretion sample revealed the original surface, associated paint films and a series of burial-exposure episodes that reflected periodic changes in the silt levels, which are likely associated with major storms. Core samples of sediment have established the impact of the vessel on the site. Corrosion simulation experiments have established the direct linkage between chloride levels underneath the concretion layer and the pH of the entrapped solution. Following the initial drop camera survey, an ROV (Remote Observation Vehicle) examination of the interior of the boat showed a remarkable degree of preservation. A network of ten-tonnes of zinc anodes were distributed at the stern, amidships and the bow to bring about in-situ conservation of the historic submarine.http://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/2/1/58AE2 submarineTurkeyFirst World Warin-situ conservationsediment corescorrosionsimulationsacrificial anodes |
| spellingShingle | Ian D. MacLeod Corrosion and Conservation Management of the Submarine HMAS AE2 (1915) in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey Heritage AE2 submarine Turkey First World War in-situ conservation sediment cores corrosion simulation sacrificial anodes |
| title | Corrosion and Conservation Management of the Submarine HMAS AE2 (1915) in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey |
| title_full | Corrosion and Conservation Management of the Submarine HMAS AE2 (1915) in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey |
| title_fullStr | Corrosion and Conservation Management of the Submarine HMAS AE2 (1915) in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Corrosion and Conservation Management of the Submarine HMAS AE2 (1915) in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey |
| title_short | Corrosion and Conservation Management of the Submarine HMAS AE2 (1915) in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey |
| title_sort | corrosion and conservation management of the submarine hmas ae2 1915 in the sea of marmara turkey |
| topic | AE2 submarine Turkey First World War in-situ conservation sediment cores corrosion simulation sacrificial anodes |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/2/1/58 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT iandmacleod corrosionandconservationmanagementofthesubmarinehmasae21915intheseaofmarmaraturkey |