Correlation among Metabolic Changes in Tea Plant <i>Camellia sinensis</i> (L.) Shoots, Green Tea Quality and the Application of Cow Manure to Tea Plantation Soils
Traditionally, the supplement of organic manure in tea plantations has been a common approach to improving soil fertility and promoting terroir compounds, as manifested by the coordinated increase in yield and quality for the resulting teas. However, information regarding the effect of organic manur...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-10-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/20/6180 |
| _version_ | 1827679029137768448 |
|---|---|
| author | Litao Sun Kai Fan Linlin Wang Dexin Ma Yu Wang Xiaojun Kong Hongyan Li Yonglin Ren Zhaotang Ding |
| author_facet | Litao Sun Kai Fan Linlin Wang Dexin Ma Yu Wang Xiaojun Kong Hongyan Li Yonglin Ren Zhaotang Ding |
| author_sort | Litao Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Traditionally, the supplement of organic manure in tea plantations has been a common approach to improving soil fertility and promoting terroir compounds, as manifested by the coordinated increase in yield and quality for the resulting teas. However, information regarding the effect of organic manure in the metabolome of tea plants is still inadequate. The metabolite profiles of tea shoots applied with cow manure, urea or no fertilizer were studied using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In total, 73 metabolites were detected, and the modulated metabolites included mainly amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids. In particular, glutamine, quinic acid and proline accumulated more in tea shoots in soils treated with cow manure, but octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and eicosanoic acid were drastically reduced. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that organic acids and amino acids in tea shoots were the two major metabolite groups among the three treatments. The analysis of metabolic pathways demonstrated that the cow manure treatment significantly changed the enrichment of pathways related to amino acids, sugars and fatty acids. Sensory evaluation showed that the quality of green teas was higher when the plants used to make the tea were grown in soil treated with cow manure rather than urea during spring and late summer. The results indicated that the application of cow manure in soils changed the metabolic characteristics of tea shoots and improved the qualities of the resulting teas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:21:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-606af0213bc8425cace476648f49923b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:21:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-606af0213bc8425cace476648f49923b2023-11-22T19:19:18ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-10-012620618010.3390/molecules26206180Correlation among Metabolic Changes in Tea Plant <i>Camellia sinensis</i> (L.) Shoots, Green Tea Quality and the Application of Cow Manure to Tea Plantation SoilsLitao Sun0Kai Fan1Linlin Wang2Dexin Ma3Yu Wang4Xiaojun Kong5Hongyan Li6Yonglin Ren7Zhaotang Ding8Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaTea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaTea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaCollege of Communication, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaTea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaRizhao Tea Technology Promotion Center, Rizhao 276826, ChinaHaiyang Fruit Industry Technology Promotion Station, Haiyang 265100, ChinaCollege of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth, WA 6150, AustraliaTea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaTraditionally, the supplement of organic manure in tea plantations has been a common approach to improving soil fertility and promoting terroir compounds, as manifested by the coordinated increase in yield and quality for the resulting teas. However, information regarding the effect of organic manure in the metabolome of tea plants is still inadequate. The metabolite profiles of tea shoots applied with cow manure, urea or no fertilizer were studied using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In total, 73 metabolites were detected, and the modulated metabolites included mainly amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids. In particular, glutamine, quinic acid and proline accumulated more in tea shoots in soils treated with cow manure, but octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and eicosanoic acid were drastically reduced. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that organic acids and amino acids in tea shoots were the two major metabolite groups among the three treatments. The analysis of metabolic pathways demonstrated that the cow manure treatment significantly changed the enrichment of pathways related to amino acids, sugars and fatty acids. Sensory evaluation showed that the quality of green teas was higher when the plants used to make the tea were grown in soil treated with cow manure rather than urea during spring and late summer. The results indicated that the application of cow manure in soils changed the metabolic characteristics of tea shoots and improved the qualities of the resulting teas.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/20/6180<i>Camellia sinensis</i> (L.)fertilizationmetabolitecow manuretea quality |
| spellingShingle | Litao Sun Kai Fan Linlin Wang Dexin Ma Yu Wang Xiaojun Kong Hongyan Li Yonglin Ren Zhaotang Ding Correlation among Metabolic Changes in Tea Plant <i>Camellia sinensis</i> (L.) Shoots, Green Tea Quality and the Application of Cow Manure to Tea Plantation Soils Molecules <i>Camellia sinensis</i> (L.) fertilization metabolite cow manure tea quality |
| title | Correlation among Metabolic Changes in Tea Plant <i>Camellia sinensis</i> (L.) Shoots, Green Tea Quality and the Application of Cow Manure to Tea Plantation Soils |
| title_full | Correlation among Metabolic Changes in Tea Plant <i>Camellia sinensis</i> (L.) Shoots, Green Tea Quality and the Application of Cow Manure to Tea Plantation Soils |
| title_fullStr | Correlation among Metabolic Changes in Tea Plant <i>Camellia sinensis</i> (L.) Shoots, Green Tea Quality and the Application of Cow Manure to Tea Plantation Soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Correlation among Metabolic Changes in Tea Plant <i>Camellia sinensis</i> (L.) Shoots, Green Tea Quality and the Application of Cow Manure to Tea Plantation Soils |
| title_short | Correlation among Metabolic Changes in Tea Plant <i>Camellia sinensis</i> (L.) Shoots, Green Tea Quality and the Application of Cow Manure to Tea Plantation Soils |
| title_sort | correlation among metabolic changes in tea plant i camellia sinensis i l shoots green tea quality and the application of cow manure to tea plantation soils |
| topic | <i>Camellia sinensis</i> (L.) fertilization metabolite cow manure tea quality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/20/6180 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT litaosun correlationamongmetabolicchangesinteaplanticamelliasinensisilshootsgreenteaqualityandtheapplicationofcowmanuretoteaplantationsoils AT kaifan correlationamongmetabolicchangesinteaplanticamelliasinensisilshootsgreenteaqualityandtheapplicationofcowmanuretoteaplantationsoils AT linlinwang correlationamongmetabolicchangesinteaplanticamelliasinensisilshootsgreenteaqualityandtheapplicationofcowmanuretoteaplantationsoils AT dexinma correlationamongmetabolicchangesinteaplanticamelliasinensisilshootsgreenteaqualityandtheapplicationofcowmanuretoteaplantationsoils AT yuwang correlationamongmetabolicchangesinteaplanticamelliasinensisilshootsgreenteaqualityandtheapplicationofcowmanuretoteaplantationsoils AT xiaojunkong correlationamongmetabolicchangesinteaplanticamelliasinensisilshootsgreenteaqualityandtheapplicationofcowmanuretoteaplantationsoils AT hongyanli correlationamongmetabolicchangesinteaplanticamelliasinensisilshootsgreenteaqualityandtheapplicationofcowmanuretoteaplantationsoils AT yonglinren correlationamongmetabolicchangesinteaplanticamelliasinensisilshootsgreenteaqualityandtheapplicationofcowmanuretoteaplantationsoils AT zhaotangding correlationamongmetabolicchangesinteaplanticamelliasinensisilshootsgreenteaqualityandtheapplicationofcowmanuretoteaplantationsoils |