Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Geopolymer Foams (GFs) Doped with By-Products of the Secondary Aluminum Industry
The article deals with the investigation of geopolymer foams (GFs) synthesized using by-products coming from the (i) screening-, (iv) pyrolysis-, (iii) dust abatement- and (iv) fusion-processes of the secondary aluminum industry. Based on principles of the circular economy to produce new technologic...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/4/703 |
| _version_ | 1797477021929963520 |
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| author | Roberto Ercoli Dorota Laskowska Van Vu Nguyen Van Su Le Petr Louda Piotr Łoś Justyna Ciemnicka Karol Prałat Alberto Renzulli Eleonora Paris Matteo Basilici Cezary Rapiejko Katarzyna Ewa Buczkowska |
| author_facet | Roberto Ercoli Dorota Laskowska Van Vu Nguyen Van Su Le Petr Louda Piotr Łoś Justyna Ciemnicka Karol Prałat Alberto Renzulli Eleonora Paris Matteo Basilici Cezary Rapiejko Katarzyna Ewa Buczkowska |
| author_sort | Roberto Ercoli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The article deals with the investigation of geopolymer foams (GFs) synthesized using by-products coming from the (i) screening-, (iv) pyrolysis-, (iii) dust abatement- and (iv) fusion-processes of the secondary aluminum industry. Based on principles of the circular economy to produce new technological materials, the experimental study involves industrial by-products management through the recovery, chemical neutralization, and incorporation of these relatively hazardous waste into the GFs. The geopolymeric matrix, consisting of metakaolin (MK) and silica sand (SA) with a 1:1 wt.% ratio, and chopped carbon fibers (CFs, 1 wt.% MK), was doped with the addition of different aluminum-rich industrial by-products with a percentage from 1 to 10 wt.% MK. The gas (mainly hydrogen) produced during the chemical neutralization of the by-products represents the foaming agents trapped in the geopolymeric structure. Several experimental tests were carried out to characterize the mechanical (flexural, compressive, and Charpy impact strengths) and thermal properties (thermal conductivity, and diffusivity, and specific heat) of the GFs. Results identify GFs with good mechanical and thermal insulation properties, encouraging future researchers to find the best combination (for types and proportions) of the different by-products of the secondary aluminum industry to produce lightweight geopolymer foams. The reuse of these industrial by-products, which according to European Regulations cannot be disposed of in the landfill, also brings together environmental sustainability and safe management of hazardous material in workplaces addressed to the development of new materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:12:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-606ce70a3e214a0db2a78c4642595f6f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:12:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-606ce70a3e214a0db2a78c4642595f6f2023-11-23T21:44:29ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-02-0114470310.3390/polym14040703Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Geopolymer Foams (GFs) Doped with By-Products of the Secondary Aluminum IndustryRoberto Ercoli0Dorota Laskowska1Van Vu Nguyen2Van Su Le3Petr Louda4Piotr Łoś5Justyna Ciemnicka6Karol Prałat7Alberto Renzulli8Eleonora Paris9Matteo Basilici10Cezary Rapiejko11Katarzyna Ewa Buczkowska12Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Ca’ Le Suore 2/4, 61029 Urbino, ItalyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, Śniadeckich 2, 75-453 Koszalin, PolandDepartment of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech RepublicDepartment of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech RepublicDepartment of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech RepublicDepartment of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech RepublicFaculty of Civil Engineering, Mechanics and Petrochemistry, Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, I. Łukasiewicza 17, 09-400 Płock, PolandFaculty of Civil Engineering, Mechanics and Petrochemistry, Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, I. Łukasiewicza 17, 09-400 Płock, PolandDepartment of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Ca’ Le Suore 2/4, 61029 Urbino, ItalyGeology Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, ItalyGeology Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, ItalyDepartment of Materials Technology and Production Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-001 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech RepublicThe article deals with the investigation of geopolymer foams (GFs) synthesized using by-products coming from the (i) screening-, (iv) pyrolysis-, (iii) dust abatement- and (iv) fusion-processes of the secondary aluminum industry. Based on principles of the circular economy to produce new technological materials, the experimental study involves industrial by-products management through the recovery, chemical neutralization, and incorporation of these relatively hazardous waste into the GFs. The geopolymeric matrix, consisting of metakaolin (MK) and silica sand (SA) with a 1:1 wt.% ratio, and chopped carbon fibers (CFs, 1 wt.% MK), was doped with the addition of different aluminum-rich industrial by-products with a percentage from 1 to 10 wt.% MK. The gas (mainly hydrogen) produced during the chemical neutralization of the by-products represents the foaming agents trapped in the geopolymeric structure. Several experimental tests were carried out to characterize the mechanical (flexural, compressive, and Charpy impact strengths) and thermal properties (thermal conductivity, and diffusivity, and specific heat) of the GFs. Results identify GFs with good mechanical and thermal insulation properties, encouraging future researchers to find the best combination (for types and proportions) of the different by-products of the secondary aluminum industry to produce lightweight geopolymer foams. The reuse of these industrial by-products, which according to European Regulations cannot be disposed of in the landfill, also brings together environmental sustainability and safe management of hazardous material in workplaces addressed to the development of new materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/4/703geopolymer foamhydrogensecondary aluminumby-products recycling |
| spellingShingle | Roberto Ercoli Dorota Laskowska Van Vu Nguyen Van Su Le Petr Louda Piotr Łoś Justyna Ciemnicka Karol Prałat Alberto Renzulli Eleonora Paris Matteo Basilici Cezary Rapiejko Katarzyna Ewa Buczkowska Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Geopolymer Foams (GFs) Doped with By-Products of the Secondary Aluminum Industry Polymers geopolymer foam hydrogen secondary aluminum by-products recycling |
| title | Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Geopolymer Foams (GFs) Doped with By-Products of the Secondary Aluminum Industry |
| title_full | Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Geopolymer Foams (GFs) Doped with By-Products of the Secondary Aluminum Industry |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Geopolymer Foams (GFs) Doped with By-Products of the Secondary Aluminum Industry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Geopolymer Foams (GFs) Doped with By-Products of the Secondary Aluminum Industry |
| title_short | Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Geopolymer Foams (GFs) Doped with By-Products of the Secondary Aluminum Industry |
| title_sort | mechanical and thermal properties of geopolymer foams gfs doped with by products of the secondary aluminum industry |
| topic | geopolymer foam hydrogen secondary aluminum by-products recycling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/4/703 |
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