Infections of the <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> Strain “De Donno” in Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) Elicits an Overactive Immune Response
Diseases caused by <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> are among the most destructive for several agricultural productions. A deadly disease of olive, termed olive quick decline syndrome, is one of the most recent examples of the severe impacts caused by the introduction and spread of this bacteri...
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MDPI AG
2019-09-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/9/335 |
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| author | Raied Abou Kubaa Annalisa Giampetruzzi Giuseppe Altamura Maria Saponari Pasquale Saldarelli |
| author_facet | Raied Abou Kubaa Annalisa Giampetruzzi Giuseppe Altamura Maria Saponari Pasquale Saldarelli |
| author_sort | Raied Abou Kubaa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diseases caused by <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> are among the most destructive for several agricultural productions. A deadly disease of olive, termed olive quick decline syndrome, is one of the most recent examples of the severe impacts caused by the introduction and spread of this bacterium in new ecosystems with favorable epidemiological conditions. Deciphering the cascade of events leading to the development of severe alterations in the susceptible host plants is a priority of several research programs investigating strategies to mitigate the detrimental impacts of the infections. However, in the case of olives, the long latent period (>1 year) makes this pathosystem not amenable for such studies. We have inoculated alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) with the olive-infecting strain “De Donno” isolated from a symptomatic olive in Apulia (Italy), and we demonstrated that this highly pathogenic strain causes an overactive reaction that ends up with the necrosis of the inoculated stem, a reaction that differs from the notoriously Alfalfa Dwarf disease, caused by <i>X. fastidiosa</i> strains isolated from grapes and almonds. RNASeq analysis showed that major plant immunity pathways are activated, in particular, several calcium transmembrane transporters and enzymes responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Signs of the necrotic reaction are anticipated by the upregulation of genes responsible for plant cell death and the hypersensitive reaction. Overall the whole infection process takes four months in alfalfa, which makes this pathosystem suitable for studies involving either the plant response to the infection or the role of <i>Xylella</i> genes in the expression of symptoms. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-60756f77332c4d98b846aa232180f47d2022-12-21T17:18:10ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472019-09-018933510.3390/plants8090335plants8090335Infections of the <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> Strain “De Donno” in Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) Elicits an Overactive Immune ResponseRaied Abou Kubaa0Annalisa Giampetruzzi1Giuseppe Altamura2Maria Saponari3Pasquale Saldarelli4CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, via Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Soil Science, Plants and Foods, University of Bari, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, ItalyCNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, via Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, ItalyCNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, via Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, ItalyCNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, via Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, ItalyDiseases caused by <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> are among the most destructive for several agricultural productions. A deadly disease of olive, termed olive quick decline syndrome, is one of the most recent examples of the severe impacts caused by the introduction and spread of this bacterium in new ecosystems with favorable epidemiological conditions. Deciphering the cascade of events leading to the development of severe alterations in the susceptible host plants is a priority of several research programs investigating strategies to mitigate the detrimental impacts of the infections. However, in the case of olives, the long latent period (>1 year) makes this pathosystem not amenable for such studies. We have inoculated alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) with the olive-infecting strain “De Donno” isolated from a symptomatic olive in Apulia (Italy), and we demonstrated that this highly pathogenic strain causes an overactive reaction that ends up with the necrosis of the inoculated stem, a reaction that differs from the notoriously Alfalfa Dwarf disease, caused by <i>X. fastidiosa</i> strains isolated from grapes and almonds. RNASeq analysis showed that major plant immunity pathways are activated, in particular, several calcium transmembrane transporters and enzymes responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Signs of the necrotic reaction are anticipated by the upregulation of genes responsible for plant cell death and the hypersensitive reaction. Overall the whole infection process takes four months in alfalfa, which makes this pathosystem suitable for studies involving either the plant response to the infection or the role of <i>Xylella</i> genes in the expression of symptoms.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/9/335<i>Xylella</i>alfalfamedicagotranscriptomeolive<i>pauca</i>immune responsenecrosis |
| spellingShingle | Raied Abou Kubaa Annalisa Giampetruzzi Giuseppe Altamura Maria Saponari Pasquale Saldarelli Infections of the <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> Strain “De Donno” in Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) Elicits an Overactive Immune Response Plants <i>Xylella</i> alfalfa medicago transcriptome olive <i>pauca</i> immune response necrosis |
| title | Infections of the <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> Strain “De Donno” in Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) Elicits an Overactive Immune Response |
| title_full | Infections of the <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> Strain “De Donno” in Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) Elicits an Overactive Immune Response |
| title_fullStr | Infections of the <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> Strain “De Donno” in Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) Elicits an Overactive Immune Response |
| title_full_unstemmed | Infections of the <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> Strain “De Donno” in Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) Elicits an Overactive Immune Response |
| title_short | Infections of the <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> Strain “De Donno” in Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) Elicits an Overactive Immune Response |
| title_sort | infections of the i xylella fastidiosa i subsp i pauca i strain de donno in alfalfa i medicago sativa i elicits an overactive immune response |
| topic | <i>Xylella</i> alfalfa medicago transcriptome olive <i>pauca</i> immune response necrosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/9/335 |
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