Hematobiochemical, serological, and molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Al-Najaf desert, Iraq
Background and Aim: Anaplasmosis, an underestimated disease transmitted by ticks, is widespread in ruminants, such as the Arabian camel (dromedary camel). This study aimed to examine the presence of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels in the Al-Hiadyia region of the Al-Najaf desert, Iraq, using...
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| Format: | Article |
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Veterinary World
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Veterinary World |
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| Online Access: | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.16/June-2023/22.pdf |
| _version_ | 1827906880158040064 |
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| author | Ali Hussein Aldujaily Nadia Abdul Hadee Abdul Ameer Shatha Atta Abeed |
| author_facet | Ali Hussein Aldujaily Nadia Abdul Hadee Abdul Ameer Shatha Atta Abeed |
| author_sort | Ali Hussein Aldujaily |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: Anaplasmosis, an underestimated disease transmitted by ticks, is widespread in ruminants, such as the Arabian camel (dromedary camel). This study aimed to examine the presence of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels in the Al-Hiadyia region of the Al-Najaf desert, Iraq, using serological and molecular tests. Moreover, hematological and biochemical changes in infected animals were compared with those in healthy controls.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 healthy and 260 infected camels with severe anemia, pale mucus membranes, and progressive emaciation to investigate antibodies against A. marginale using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, followed by polymerase chain reaction for selected positive samples targeting a specific region of A. marginale major surface protein 5 (MSP5). In addition, hematological and biochemical parameters were measured to indicate the effect of the disease on blood profile, mineral status, and liver and kidney functions.
Results: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis and microscopic examination revealed that 115/260 (44.23%) and 87 (33.46%) camels were positive for Anaplasma spp., respectively. The MSP5 gene, which is unique to A. marginale, was amplified. The results of hematological analysis indicated a significant decrease in total red blood cells, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume and a significant increase in mean corpuscular volume in infected camels, but no difference in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Moreover, there was a significant increase in total white blood cells count, lymphocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and platelets. The results of biochemical analysis indicated a significant increase in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and iron and a decrease in copper in infected camels. Cholesterol and triglyceride showed no significant variations between healthy and diseased camels.
Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular study to demonstrate the presence of A. marginale in dromedary camels in Iraq. The MSP5 gene is a valuable and unique diagnostic target for identifying A. marginale. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T01:02:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-608392cb763c459eaaacc27cf76474cd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T01:02:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
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| spelling | doaj.art-608392cb763c459eaaacc27cf76474cd2023-07-06T09:32:48ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162023-06-011661340134510.14202/vetworld.2023.1340-1345Hematobiochemical, serological, and molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Al-Najaf desert, IraqAli Hussein Aldujaily0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1990-2090Nadia Abdul Hadee Abdul Ameer1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3346-1527Shatha Atta Abeed2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-5702-2913Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Al-Najaf, Iraq.Department of Pharmacy, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Kufa Technical Institute, Kufa, Al-Najaf, Iraq.Department of Animal Production, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Kufa Technical Institute, Kufa, Al-Najaf, Iraq.Background and Aim: Anaplasmosis, an underestimated disease transmitted by ticks, is widespread in ruminants, such as the Arabian camel (dromedary camel). This study aimed to examine the presence of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels in the Al-Hiadyia region of the Al-Najaf desert, Iraq, using serological and molecular tests. Moreover, hematological and biochemical changes in infected animals were compared with those in healthy controls. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 healthy and 260 infected camels with severe anemia, pale mucus membranes, and progressive emaciation to investigate antibodies against A. marginale using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, followed by polymerase chain reaction for selected positive samples targeting a specific region of A. marginale major surface protein 5 (MSP5). In addition, hematological and biochemical parameters were measured to indicate the effect of the disease on blood profile, mineral status, and liver and kidney functions. Results: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis and microscopic examination revealed that 115/260 (44.23%) and 87 (33.46%) camels were positive for Anaplasma spp., respectively. The MSP5 gene, which is unique to A. marginale, was amplified. The results of hematological analysis indicated a significant decrease in total red blood cells, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume and a significant increase in mean corpuscular volume in infected camels, but no difference in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Moreover, there was a significant increase in total white blood cells count, lymphocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and platelets. The results of biochemical analysis indicated a significant increase in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and iron and a decrease in copper in infected camels. Cholesterol and triglyceride showed no significant variations between healthy and diseased camels. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular study to demonstrate the presence of A. marginale in dromedary camels in Iraq. The MSP5 gene is a valuable and unique diagnostic target for identifying A. marginale.https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.16/June-2023/22.pdfanaplasma marginalebiochemical parametersdromedary camelhematological parametersindirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assaypolymerase chain reaction |
| spellingShingle | Ali Hussein Aldujaily Nadia Abdul Hadee Abdul Ameer Shatha Atta Abeed Hematobiochemical, serological, and molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Al-Najaf desert, Iraq Veterinary World anaplasma marginale biochemical parameters dromedary camel hematological parameters indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay polymerase chain reaction |
| title | Hematobiochemical, serological, and molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Al-Najaf desert, Iraq |
| title_full | Hematobiochemical, serological, and molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Al-Najaf desert, Iraq |
| title_fullStr | Hematobiochemical, serological, and molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Al-Najaf desert, Iraq |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hematobiochemical, serological, and molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Al-Najaf desert, Iraq |
| title_short | Hematobiochemical, serological, and molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Al-Najaf desert, Iraq |
| title_sort | hematobiochemical serological and molecular detection of anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels camelus dromedarius in al najaf desert iraq |
| topic | anaplasma marginale biochemical parameters dromedary camel hematological parameters indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay polymerase chain reaction |
| url | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.16/June-2023/22.pdf |
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