Combination Effect of Novel Bimetallic Ag-Ni Nanoparticles with Fluconazole against <i>Candida albicans</i>
The increasing frequency of antifungal drug resistance among pathogenic yeast “<i>Candida</i>” has posed an immense global threat to the public healthcare sector. The most notable species of <i>Candida</i> causing most fungal infections is <i>Candida albicans.</i>...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/7/733 |
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| author | Majid Rasool Kamli Elham A. Alzahrani Soha M. Albukhari Aijaz Ahmad Jamal S. M. Sabir Maqsood Ahmad Malik |
| author_facet | Majid Rasool Kamli Elham A. Alzahrani Soha M. Albukhari Aijaz Ahmad Jamal S. M. Sabir Maqsood Ahmad Malik |
| author_sort | Majid Rasool Kamli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increasing frequency of antifungal drug resistance among pathogenic yeast “<i>Candida</i>” has posed an immense global threat to the public healthcare sector. The most notable species of <i>Candida</i> causing most fungal infections is <i>Candida albicans.</i> Furthermore, recent research has revealed that transition and noble metal combinations can have synergistic antimicrobial effects. Therefore, a one-pot seedless biogenic synthesis of Ag-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag-Ni NPs) using <i>Salvia officinalis</i> aqueous leaf extract is described. Various techniques, such as UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TGA, were used to validate the production of Ag-Ni NPs. The antifungal susceptibility of Ag-Ni NPs alone and in combination with fluconazole (FLZ) was tested against FLZ-resistant <i>C. albicans</i> isolate. Furthermore, the impacts of these NPs on membrane integrity, drug efflux pumps, and biofilms formation were evaluated. The MIC (1.56 μg/mL) and MFC (3.12 μg/mL) results indicated potent antifungal activity of Ag-Ni NPs against FLZ-resistant <i>C. albicans</i>. Upon combination, synergistic interaction was observed between Ag-Ni NPs and FLZ against <i>C. albicans</i> 5112 with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) value of 0.31. In-depth studies revealed that Ag-Ni NPs at higher concentrations (3.12 μg/mL) have anti-biofilm properties and disrupt membrane integrity, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy results. In comparison, morphological transition was halted at lower concentrations (0.78 μg/mL). From the results of efflux pump assay using rhodamine 6G (R6G), it was evident that Ag-Ni NPs blocks the efflux pumps in the FLZ-resistant <i>C. albicans</i> 5112. Targeting biofilms and efflux pumps using novel drugs will be an alternate approach for combatting the threat of multi-drug resistant (MDR) stains of <i>C. albicans</i>. Therefore, this study supports the usage of Ag-Ni NPs to avert infections caused by drug resistant strains of <i>C. albicans</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:17:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-608434cbbb1d43e98da4c4afe700df5b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:17:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-608434cbbb1d43e98da4c4afe700df5b2023-12-03T15:15:57ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2022-07-018773310.3390/jof8070733Combination Effect of Novel Bimetallic Ag-Ni Nanoparticles with Fluconazole against <i>Candida albicans</i>Majid Rasool Kamli0Elham A. Alzahrani1Soha M. Albukhari2Aijaz Ahmad3Jamal S. M. Sabir4Maqsood Ahmad Malik5Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaChemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaChemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaClinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South AfricaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaChemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaThe increasing frequency of antifungal drug resistance among pathogenic yeast “<i>Candida</i>” has posed an immense global threat to the public healthcare sector. The most notable species of <i>Candida</i> causing most fungal infections is <i>Candida albicans.</i> Furthermore, recent research has revealed that transition and noble metal combinations can have synergistic antimicrobial effects. Therefore, a one-pot seedless biogenic synthesis of Ag-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag-Ni NPs) using <i>Salvia officinalis</i> aqueous leaf extract is described. Various techniques, such as UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TGA, were used to validate the production of Ag-Ni NPs. The antifungal susceptibility of Ag-Ni NPs alone and in combination with fluconazole (FLZ) was tested against FLZ-resistant <i>C. albicans</i> isolate. Furthermore, the impacts of these NPs on membrane integrity, drug efflux pumps, and biofilms formation were evaluated. The MIC (1.56 μg/mL) and MFC (3.12 μg/mL) results indicated potent antifungal activity of Ag-Ni NPs against FLZ-resistant <i>C. albicans</i>. Upon combination, synergistic interaction was observed between Ag-Ni NPs and FLZ against <i>C. albicans</i> 5112 with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) value of 0.31. In-depth studies revealed that Ag-Ni NPs at higher concentrations (3.12 μg/mL) have anti-biofilm properties and disrupt membrane integrity, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy results. In comparison, morphological transition was halted at lower concentrations (0.78 μg/mL). From the results of efflux pump assay using rhodamine 6G (R6G), it was evident that Ag-Ni NPs blocks the efflux pumps in the FLZ-resistant <i>C. albicans</i> 5112. Targeting biofilms and efflux pumps using novel drugs will be an alternate approach for combatting the threat of multi-drug resistant (MDR) stains of <i>C. albicans</i>. Therefore, this study supports the usage of Ag-Ni NPs to avert infections caused by drug resistant strains of <i>C. albicans</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/7/733<i>Candida albicans</i>fuconazole resistancesynergistic effectefflux pumpsbiofilms |
| spellingShingle | Majid Rasool Kamli Elham A. Alzahrani Soha M. Albukhari Aijaz Ahmad Jamal S. M. Sabir Maqsood Ahmad Malik Combination Effect of Novel Bimetallic Ag-Ni Nanoparticles with Fluconazole against <i>Candida albicans</i> Journal of Fungi <i>Candida albicans</i> fuconazole resistance synergistic effect efflux pumps biofilms |
| title | Combination Effect of Novel Bimetallic Ag-Ni Nanoparticles with Fluconazole against <i>Candida albicans</i> |
| title_full | Combination Effect of Novel Bimetallic Ag-Ni Nanoparticles with Fluconazole against <i>Candida albicans</i> |
| title_fullStr | Combination Effect of Novel Bimetallic Ag-Ni Nanoparticles with Fluconazole against <i>Candida albicans</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combination Effect of Novel Bimetallic Ag-Ni Nanoparticles with Fluconazole against <i>Candida albicans</i> |
| title_short | Combination Effect of Novel Bimetallic Ag-Ni Nanoparticles with Fluconazole against <i>Candida albicans</i> |
| title_sort | combination effect of novel bimetallic ag ni nanoparticles with fluconazole against i candida albicans i |
| topic | <i>Candida albicans</i> fuconazole resistance synergistic effect efflux pumps biofilms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/7/733 |
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