Hydroclimate of the Andes Part I: Main Climatic Features
The Andes is the longest cordillera in the world and extends from northern South America to the southern extreme of the continent (from 11°N to 53°S). The Andes runs through seven countries and is characterized by a wide variety of ecosystems strongly related to the contrasting climate over its east...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2020.00064/full |
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| author | Jhan Carlo Espinoza René Garreaud Germán Poveda Paola A. Arias Jorge Molina-Carpio Mariano Masiokas Maximiliano Viale Lucia Scaff |
| author_facet | Jhan Carlo Espinoza René Garreaud Germán Poveda Paola A. Arias Jorge Molina-Carpio Mariano Masiokas Maximiliano Viale Lucia Scaff |
| author_sort | Jhan Carlo Espinoza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Andes is the longest cordillera in the world and extends from northern South America to the southern extreme of the continent (from 11°N to 53°S). The Andes runs through seven countries and is characterized by a wide variety of ecosystems strongly related to the contrasting climate over its eastern and western sides, as well as along its latitudinal extension. This region faces very high potential impacts of climate change, which could affect food and water security for about 90 million people. In addition, climate change represents an important threat on biodiversity, particularly in the tropical Andes, which is the most biodiverse region on Earth. From a scientific and societal view, the Andes exhibits specific challenges because of its unique landscape and the fragile equilibrium between the growing population and its environment. In this manuscript, we provide an updated review of the most relevant scientific literature regarding the hydroclimate of the Andes with an integrated view of the entire Andes range. This review paper is presented in two parts. Part I is dedicated to summarize the scientific knowledge about the main climatic features of the Andes, with emphasis on mean large-scale atmospheric circulation, the Andes-Amazon hydroclimate interconnections and the most distinctive diurnal and annual cycles of precipitation. Part II, which is also included in the research topic “Connecting Mountain Hydroclimate Through the American Cordilleras,” focuses on the hydroclimate variability of the Andes at the sub-continental scale, including the effects of El Niño-Southern Oscillation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T07:18:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-60970893db094d86bc550f39e84b8813 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-6463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T07:18:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-60970893db094d86bc550f39e84b88132022-12-21T23:55:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632020-03-01810.3389/feart.2020.00064505486Hydroclimate of the Andes Part I: Main Climatic FeaturesJhan Carlo Espinoza0René Garreaud1Germán Poveda2Paola A. Arias3Jorge Molina-Carpio4Mariano Masiokas5Maximiliano Viale6Lucia Scaff7Université Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, G-INP, IGE (UMR 5001), Grenoble, FranceDepartment of Geophysics, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, ChileDepartment of Geosciences and Environment Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, ColombiaGrupo de Ingeniería y Gestión Ambiental (GIGA), Escuela Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, ColombiaInstituto de Hidráulica e Hidrología (IHH), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, BoliviaInstituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, ArgentinaInstituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, ArgentinaGlobal Water Futures, Canada First Research Excellence Fund (CFREF), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaThe Andes is the longest cordillera in the world and extends from northern South America to the southern extreme of the continent (from 11°N to 53°S). The Andes runs through seven countries and is characterized by a wide variety of ecosystems strongly related to the contrasting climate over its eastern and western sides, as well as along its latitudinal extension. This region faces very high potential impacts of climate change, which could affect food and water security for about 90 million people. In addition, climate change represents an important threat on biodiversity, particularly in the tropical Andes, which is the most biodiverse region on Earth. From a scientific and societal view, the Andes exhibits specific challenges because of its unique landscape and the fragile equilibrium between the growing population and its environment. In this manuscript, we provide an updated review of the most relevant scientific literature regarding the hydroclimate of the Andes with an integrated view of the entire Andes range. This review paper is presented in two parts. Part I is dedicated to summarize the scientific knowledge about the main climatic features of the Andes, with emphasis on mean large-scale atmospheric circulation, the Andes-Amazon hydroclimate interconnections and the most distinctive diurnal and annual cycles of precipitation. Part II, which is also included in the research topic “Connecting Mountain Hydroclimate Through the American Cordilleras,” focuses on the hydroclimate variability of the Andes at the sub-continental scale, including the effects of El Niño-Southern Oscillation.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2020.00064/fullSou nailingAndes (South America)atmospheric circulationrainfall variabilityhydrological cycle |
| spellingShingle | Jhan Carlo Espinoza René Garreaud Germán Poveda Paola A. Arias Jorge Molina-Carpio Mariano Masiokas Maximiliano Viale Lucia Scaff Hydroclimate of the Andes Part I: Main Climatic Features Frontiers in Earth Science Sou nailing Andes (South America) atmospheric circulation rainfall variability hydrological cycle |
| title | Hydroclimate of the Andes Part I: Main Climatic Features |
| title_full | Hydroclimate of the Andes Part I: Main Climatic Features |
| title_fullStr | Hydroclimate of the Andes Part I: Main Climatic Features |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydroclimate of the Andes Part I: Main Climatic Features |
| title_short | Hydroclimate of the Andes Part I: Main Climatic Features |
| title_sort | hydroclimate of the andes part i main climatic features |
| topic | Sou nailing Andes (South America) atmospheric circulation rainfall variability hydrological cycle |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2020.00064/full |
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