Biodegradation of Typical Plastics: From Microbial Diversity to Metabolic Mechanisms
Plastic production has increased dramatically, leading to accumulated plastic waste in the ocean. Marine plastics can be broken down into microplastics (<5 mm) by sunlight, machinery, and pressure. The accumulation of microplastics in organisms and the release of plastic additives can adversely a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/1/593 |
| _version_ | 1797358662351585280 |
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| author | Shiwei Lv Yufei Li Sufang Zhao Zongze Shao |
| author_facet | Shiwei Lv Yufei Li Sufang Zhao Zongze Shao |
| author_sort | Shiwei Lv |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plastic production has increased dramatically, leading to accumulated plastic waste in the ocean. Marine plastics can be broken down into microplastics (<5 mm) by sunlight, machinery, and pressure. The accumulation of microplastics in organisms and the release of plastic additives can adversely affect the health of marine organisms. Biodegradation is one way to address plastic pollution in an environmentally friendly manner. Marine microorganisms can be more adapted to fluctuating environmental conditions such as salinity, temperature, pH, and pressure compared with terrestrial microorganisms, providing new opportunities to address plastic pollution. Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes), Bacillota (Firmicutes), and Cyanobacteria were frequently found on plastic biofilms and may degrade plastics. Currently, diverse plastic-degrading bacteria are being isolated from marine environments such as offshore and deep oceanic waters, especially <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. <i>Bacillus</i> spp. <i>Alcanivoras</i> spp. and Actinomycetes. Some marine fungi and algae have also been revealed as plastic degraders. In this review, we focused on the advances in plastic biodegradation by marine microorganisms and their enzymes (esterase, cutinase, laccase, etc.) involved in the process of biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polypropylene (PP) and highlighted the need to study plastic biodegradation in the deep sea. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:04:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-609b6d3d3d534886bffbac08ac566efc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:04:38Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-609b6d3d3d534886bffbac08ac566efc2024-01-10T15:00:09ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-01-0125159310.3390/ijms25010593Biodegradation of Typical Plastics: From Microbial Diversity to Metabolic MechanismsShiwei Lv0Yufei Li1Sufang Zhao2Zongze Shao3Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, ChinaPlastic production has increased dramatically, leading to accumulated plastic waste in the ocean. Marine plastics can be broken down into microplastics (<5 mm) by sunlight, machinery, and pressure. The accumulation of microplastics in organisms and the release of plastic additives can adversely affect the health of marine organisms. Biodegradation is one way to address plastic pollution in an environmentally friendly manner. Marine microorganisms can be more adapted to fluctuating environmental conditions such as salinity, temperature, pH, and pressure compared with terrestrial microorganisms, providing new opportunities to address plastic pollution. Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes), Bacillota (Firmicutes), and Cyanobacteria were frequently found on plastic biofilms and may degrade plastics. Currently, diverse plastic-degrading bacteria are being isolated from marine environments such as offshore and deep oceanic waters, especially <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. <i>Bacillus</i> spp. <i>Alcanivoras</i> spp. and Actinomycetes. Some marine fungi and algae have also been revealed as plastic degraders. In this review, we focused on the advances in plastic biodegradation by marine microorganisms and their enzymes (esterase, cutinase, laccase, etc.) involved in the process of biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polypropylene (PP) and highlighted the need to study plastic biodegradation in the deep sea.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/1/593plastic biodegradationmarine ecosystemmicrobial diversitydegradation pathwayskey enzymes |
| spellingShingle | Shiwei Lv Yufei Li Sufang Zhao Zongze Shao Biodegradation of Typical Plastics: From Microbial Diversity to Metabolic Mechanisms International Journal of Molecular Sciences plastic biodegradation marine ecosystem microbial diversity degradation pathways key enzymes |
| title | Biodegradation of Typical Plastics: From Microbial Diversity to Metabolic Mechanisms |
| title_full | Biodegradation of Typical Plastics: From Microbial Diversity to Metabolic Mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Biodegradation of Typical Plastics: From Microbial Diversity to Metabolic Mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biodegradation of Typical Plastics: From Microbial Diversity to Metabolic Mechanisms |
| title_short | Biodegradation of Typical Plastics: From Microbial Diversity to Metabolic Mechanisms |
| title_sort | biodegradation of typical plastics from microbial diversity to metabolic mechanisms |
| topic | plastic biodegradation marine ecosystem microbial diversity degradation pathways key enzymes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/1/593 |
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