Association between resistivity index of central retinal artery and severity of diabetic retinopathy

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of ocular morbidity. Its progression depends mainly on retinal vasculature and ocular blood flow. Color Doppler imaging (CDI) is a noninvasive imaging technique that measures blood flow velocity. The resistivity index (RI), calculated by the CDI,...

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Main Authors: Gopal S Pillai, Akhila Kutumbaka, P K Nazar, Anvesh Chandiri, Greeshma C Ravindran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2023-01-01
Series:Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.ijo.in/article.asp?issn=0301-4738;year=2023;volume=71;issue=11;spage=3539;epage=3543;aulast=Pillai
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author Gopal S Pillai
Akhila Kutumbaka
P K Nazar
Anvesh Chandiri
Greeshma C Ravindran
author_facet Gopal S Pillai
Akhila Kutumbaka
P K Nazar
Anvesh Chandiri
Greeshma C Ravindran
author_sort Gopal S Pillai
collection DOAJ
description Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of ocular morbidity. Its progression depends mainly on retinal vasculature and ocular blood flow. Color Doppler imaging (CDI) is a noninvasive imaging technique that measures blood flow velocity. The resistivity index (RI), calculated by the CDI, reflects the vascular resistance distal to the measuring location. RI is independent of the doppler angle and position of the patient, making it a reliable and reproducible parameter. To the best of our knowledge, there is only one study in literature studying the association between resistivity index (RI) of the central retinal artery (CRA) and severity of DR. Aim: To determine the association between RI of CRA and severity of DR. To determine the association between RI of CRA and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) biomarkers for DR. Methods: Type II diabetics visiting our OPD underwent DR screening and were graded into three categories according to ETDRS classification which include Group A—No diabetic retinopathy (No DR), Group B—Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (Moderate–Severe–Very Severe NPDR), and Group C—Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). SD-OCT was performed. Ultrasonic color doppler imaging was done. RI of the CRA was noted. It was compared between the three groups and its association with severity of DR and OCT biomarkers (central subfield thickness, cube average thickness and ellipsoid zone disruption) was studied. Results: 56 eyes of 28 patients were included in our study with 20 in Group A,14 in Group B, and 22 in Group C. RI of CRA compared within groups showed statistically significant association with severity of DR (P < 0.001). The presenting BCVA (LogMar) showed positive correlation with RI in all groups. OCT biomarker central subfield thickness showed a positive correlation with RI in Groups A (P < 0.001) and B. Ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption showed a statistically significant association with RI in Group C (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The RI of CRA is a reliable biomarker for the assessment of the severity of DR. Patients with high RI of CRA had higher chances of EZ disruption and presented with poor visual acuity.
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spelling doaj.art-60a711dd2ca549389cc24496bff107c72024-04-03T08:54:09ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Ophthalmology0301-47381998-36892023-01-0171113539354310.4103/IJO.IJO_3408_22Association between resistivity index of central retinal artery and severity of diabetic retinopathyGopal S PillaiAkhila KutumbakaP K NazarAnvesh ChandiriGreeshma C RavindranPurpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of ocular morbidity. Its progression depends mainly on retinal vasculature and ocular blood flow. Color Doppler imaging (CDI) is a noninvasive imaging technique that measures blood flow velocity. The resistivity index (RI), calculated by the CDI, reflects the vascular resistance distal to the measuring location. RI is independent of the doppler angle and position of the patient, making it a reliable and reproducible parameter. To the best of our knowledge, there is only one study in literature studying the association between resistivity index (RI) of the central retinal artery (CRA) and severity of DR. Aim: To determine the association between RI of CRA and severity of DR. To determine the association between RI of CRA and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) biomarkers for DR. Methods: Type II diabetics visiting our OPD underwent DR screening and were graded into three categories according to ETDRS classification which include Group A—No diabetic retinopathy (No DR), Group B—Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (Moderate–Severe–Very Severe NPDR), and Group C—Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). SD-OCT was performed. Ultrasonic color doppler imaging was done. RI of the CRA was noted. It was compared between the three groups and its association with severity of DR and OCT biomarkers (central subfield thickness, cube average thickness and ellipsoid zone disruption) was studied. Results: 56 eyes of 28 patients were included in our study with 20 in Group A,14 in Group B, and 22 in Group C. RI of CRA compared within groups showed statistically significant association with severity of DR (P < 0.001). The presenting BCVA (LogMar) showed positive correlation with RI in all groups. OCT biomarker central subfield thickness showed a positive correlation with RI in Groups A (P < 0.001) and B. Ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption showed a statistically significant association with RI in Group C (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The RI of CRA is a reliable biomarker for the assessment of the severity of DR. Patients with high RI of CRA had higher chances of EZ disruption and presented with poor visual acuity.http://www.ijo.in/article.asp?issn=0301-4738;year=2023;volume=71;issue=11;spage=3539;epage=3543;aulast=Pillaicolor doppler imagingoct biomarkersresistivity index of central retinal artery
spellingShingle Gopal S Pillai
Akhila Kutumbaka
P K Nazar
Anvesh Chandiri
Greeshma C Ravindran
Association between resistivity index of central retinal artery and severity of diabetic retinopathy
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
color doppler imaging
oct biomarkers
resistivity index of central retinal artery
title Association between resistivity index of central retinal artery and severity of diabetic retinopathy
title_full Association between resistivity index of central retinal artery and severity of diabetic retinopathy
title_fullStr Association between resistivity index of central retinal artery and severity of diabetic retinopathy
title_full_unstemmed Association between resistivity index of central retinal artery and severity of diabetic retinopathy
title_short Association between resistivity index of central retinal artery and severity of diabetic retinopathy
title_sort association between resistivity index of central retinal artery and severity of diabetic retinopathy
topic color doppler imaging
oct biomarkers
resistivity index of central retinal artery
url http://www.ijo.in/article.asp?issn=0301-4738;year=2023;volume=71;issue=11;spage=3539;epage=3543;aulast=Pillai
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AT pknazar associationbetweenresistivityindexofcentralretinalarteryandseverityofdiabeticretinopathy
AT anveshchandiri associationbetweenresistivityindexofcentralretinalarteryandseverityofdiabeticretinopathy
AT greeshmacravindran associationbetweenresistivityindexofcentralretinalarteryandseverityofdiabeticretinopathy