Defining phenotypes of long-term lithium and valproate response, including combination therapy: a modified application of the Alda scale in patients with bipolar disorders
Abstract Background When evaluating the long-term treatment response to mood stabilizers using the Alda scale, mood stabilizer combination therapy is typically considered a confounding factor, and patients receiving combination therapy are excluded from the analysis. However, this may result in bias...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2020-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Bipolar Disorders |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40345-020-00199-w |
| _version_ | 1819171622090702848 |
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| author | Jinyoung Lee Ji Hyun Baek Dongbin Lee Sung Woo Ahn So-Yung Yang Yujin Choi Yong Chun Bahk Kyung Sue Hong |
| author_facet | Jinyoung Lee Ji Hyun Baek Dongbin Lee Sung Woo Ahn So-Yung Yang Yujin Choi Yong Chun Bahk Kyung Sue Hong |
| author_sort | Jinyoung Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background When evaluating the long-term treatment response to mood stabilizers using the Alda scale, mood stabilizer combination therapy is typically considered a confounding factor, and patients receiving combination therapy are excluded from the analysis. However, this may result in bias if those under combination therapy are worse treatment responders. This study aims to explore whether the Alda scale is applicable to patients taking lithium and valproate combination therapy. We compared long-term treatment response in patients receiving monotherapy and combination therapy of the two drugs, and investigated clinical correlates of the responses to each drug. Methods The study subjects consisted of 102 patients with bipolar I (BD-I) or bipolar II (BD-II) disorder who had been undergoing maintenance treatment with lithium and/or valproate for more than 2 years at a single specialized bipolar disorder clinic. Long-term treatment response was measured using the Alda scale and compared among the lithium monotherapy group, the valproate monotherapy group, and the mood stabilizer combination group. Clinical correlates of long-term treatment response were evaluated in lithium users and valproate users separately. Results There were no significant differences in terms of baseline illness characteristics among groups. The combination group showed the worst treatment response for all the response measurements applied. This group also had the higher rate of ‘poor responder’ with a statistically significant difference compared to valproate group. Older age at onset and (hypo)manic episode at onset showed significant positive associations with total Alda score in lithium users, while comorbid anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder and mixed episode showed significant negative associations in valproate users. Conclusions The combination group had poorer long-term treatment response but did not show distinct clinical characteristics compared to the monotherapy groups. When exploring the long-term effects of mood stabilizers, excluding patients undergoing combination treatment could result in bias because they may represent a poor response group. The long-term treatment responses of lithium and valproate had different clinical correlates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T19:54:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-60aa24656d4e48999feb5aebadd10a10 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2194-7511 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T19:54:13Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Bipolar Disorders |
| spelling | doaj.art-60aa24656d4e48999feb5aebadd10a102022-12-21T18:14:27ZengSpringerOpenInternational Journal of Bipolar Disorders2194-75112020-11-018111110.1186/s40345-020-00199-wDefining phenotypes of long-term lithium and valproate response, including combination therapy: a modified application of the Alda scale in patients with bipolar disordersJinyoung Lee0Ji Hyun Baek1Dongbin Lee2Sung Woo Ahn3So-Yung Yang4Yujin Choi5Yong Chun Bahk6Kyung Sue Hong7Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterDepartment of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterDepartment of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterDepartment of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterDepartment of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterCenter for Clinical Research, Samsung Biomedical Research InstituteDepartment of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterDepartment of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical CenterAbstract Background When evaluating the long-term treatment response to mood stabilizers using the Alda scale, mood stabilizer combination therapy is typically considered a confounding factor, and patients receiving combination therapy are excluded from the analysis. However, this may result in bias if those under combination therapy are worse treatment responders. This study aims to explore whether the Alda scale is applicable to patients taking lithium and valproate combination therapy. We compared long-term treatment response in patients receiving monotherapy and combination therapy of the two drugs, and investigated clinical correlates of the responses to each drug. Methods The study subjects consisted of 102 patients with bipolar I (BD-I) or bipolar II (BD-II) disorder who had been undergoing maintenance treatment with lithium and/or valproate for more than 2 years at a single specialized bipolar disorder clinic. Long-term treatment response was measured using the Alda scale and compared among the lithium monotherapy group, the valproate monotherapy group, and the mood stabilizer combination group. Clinical correlates of long-term treatment response were evaluated in lithium users and valproate users separately. Results There were no significant differences in terms of baseline illness characteristics among groups. The combination group showed the worst treatment response for all the response measurements applied. This group also had the higher rate of ‘poor responder’ with a statistically significant difference compared to valproate group. Older age at onset and (hypo)manic episode at onset showed significant positive associations with total Alda score in lithium users, while comorbid anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder and mixed episode showed significant negative associations in valproate users. Conclusions The combination group had poorer long-term treatment response but did not show distinct clinical characteristics compared to the monotherapy groups. When exploring the long-term effects of mood stabilizers, excluding patients undergoing combination treatment could result in bias because they may represent a poor response group. The long-term treatment responses of lithium and valproate had different clinical correlates.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40345-020-00199-wBipolar disorderLong-term treatment responseLithiumValproateAlda scaleClinical correlates |
| spellingShingle | Jinyoung Lee Ji Hyun Baek Dongbin Lee Sung Woo Ahn So-Yung Yang Yujin Choi Yong Chun Bahk Kyung Sue Hong Defining phenotypes of long-term lithium and valproate response, including combination therapy: a modified application of the Alda scale in patients with bipolar disorders International Journal of Bipolar Disorders Bipolar disorder Long-term treatment response Lithium Valproate Alda scale Clinical correlates |
| title | Defining phenotypes of long-term lithium and valproate response, including combination therapy: a modified application of the Alda scale in patients with bipolar disorders |
| title_full | Defining phenotypes of long-term lithium and valproate response, including combination therapy: a modified application of the Alda scale in patients with bipolar disorders |
| title_fullStr | Defining phenotypes of long-term lithium and valproate response, including combination therapy: a modified application of the Alda scale in patients with bipolar disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Defining phenotypes of long-term lithium and valproate response, including combination therapy: a modified application of the Alda scale in patients with bipolar disorders |
| title_short | Defining phenotypes of long-term lithium and valproate response, including combination therapy: a modified application of the Alda scale in patients with bipolar disorders |
| title_sort | defining phenotypes of long term lithium and valproate response including combination therapy a modified application of the alda scale in patients with bipolar disorders |
| topic | Bipolar disorder Long-term treatment response Lithium Valproate Alda scale Clinical correlates |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40345-020-00199-w |
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