Synthesis of Heterogeneous Catalysts NaOH/CaO/C From Eggshells for Biodiesel Production Using Off-Grade Palm Oil
A heterogeneous catalyst, such as Calcium Oxide (CaO), is widely used in biodiesel production due to its various advantages over homogeneous ones. The optimum condition for synthesizing this catalyst is determined by calcination temperature and mass ratio. As a result, a modification is required to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universitas Syiah Kuala, Chemical Engineering Department
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan |
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| Online Access: | https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/RKL/article/view/14610 |
| _version_ | 1797225345914503168 |
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| author | Karfika Ainil Hawa Zuchra Helwani Amun Amri |
| author_facet | Karfika Ainil Hawa Zuchra Helwani Amun Amri |
| author_sort | Karfika Ainil Hawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A heterogeneous catalyst, such as Calcium Oxide (CaO), is widely used in biodiesel production due to its various advantages over homogeneous ones. The optimum condition for synthesizing this catalyst is determined by calcination temperature and mass ratio. As a result, a modification is required to increase its performance in improving the biodiesel yield. In this study, eggshell waste was modified by calcination, hydration, and dehydration methods integrated with activated carbon and NaOH. It is used as a heterogeneous base catalyst for off-grade palm oil transesterification reactions. The results shows the catalyst with the highest activity is obtained at calcination temperature of 800°c and mass ratio of 7 to 3. This is achieved with transesterification reaction conditions, which include a mole ratio of methanol/oil 6 to 1, catalyst concentration of 6%-b oil, and temperature 70°c for 3 hours, yielding 79.08% of the biodiesel. Additionally, CaO, Na2CO3, and Ca (OH) 2 materials were found in the catalyst with a catalyst alkalinity value of H greater than 9.3 through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Several methyl esters, such as palmitate and oleate were also found in biodiesel through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:14:28Z |
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| id | doaj.art-60b66892be024433b572b510a43cdf0e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1412-5064 2356-1661 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T14:07:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Syiah Kuala, Chemical Engineering Department |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan |
| spelling | doaj.art-60b66892be024433b572b510a43cdf0e2024-04-03T09:48:28ZengUniversitas Syiah Kuala, Chemical Engineering DepartmentJurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan1412-50642356-16612020-02-01151313710.23955/rkl.v15i1.1461010842Synthesis of Heterogeneous Catalysts NaOH/CaO/C From Eggshells for Biodiesel Production Using Off-Grade Palm OilKarfika Ainil Hawa0Zuchra Helwani1Amun Amri2Department of Chemical Engineering, Riau UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Riau UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Riau UniversityA heterogeneous catalyst, such as Calcium Oxide (CaO), is widely used in biodiesel production due to its various advantages over homogeneous ones. The optimum condition for synthesizing this catalyst is determined by calcination temperature and mass ratio. As a result, a modification is required to increase its performance in improving the biodiesel yield. In this study, eggshell waste was modified by calcination, hydration, and dehydration methods integrated with activated carbon and NaOH. It is used as a heterogeneous base catalyst for off-grade palm oil transesterification reactions. The results shows the catalyst with the highest activity is obtained at calcination temperature of 800°c and mass ratio of 7 to 3. This is achieved with transesterification reaction conditions, which include a mole ratio of methanol/oil 6 to 1, catalyst concentration of 6%-b oil, and temperature 70°c for 3 hours, yielding 79.08% of the biodiesel. Additionally, CaO, Na2CO3, and Ca (OH) 2 materials were found in the catalyst with a catalyst alkalinity value of H greater than 9.3 through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Several methyl esters, such as palmitate and oleate were also found in biodiesel through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/RKL/article/view/14610activated carbonbiodieselcalcium oxidecatalyststransesterification |
| spellingShingle | Karfika Ainil Hawa Zuchra Helwani Amun Amri Synthesis of Heterogeneous Catalysts NaOH/CaO/C From Eggshells for Biodiesel Production Using Off-Grade Palm Oil Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan activated carbon biodiesel calcium oxide catalysts transesterification |
| title | Synthesis of Heterogeneous Catalysts NaOH/CaO/C From Eggshells for Biodiesel Production Using Off-Grade Palm Oil |
| title_full | Synthesis of Heterogeneous Catalysts NaOH/CaO/C From Eggshells for Biodiesel Production Using Off-Grade Palm Oil |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of Heterogeneous Catalysts NaOH/CaO/C From Eggshells for Biodiesel Production Using Off-Grade Palm Oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of Heterogeneous Catalysts NaOH/CaO/C From Eggshells for Biodiesel Production Using Off-Grade Palm Oil |
| title_short | Synthesis of Heterogeneous Catalysts NaOH/CaO/C From Eggshells for Biodiesel Production Using Off-Grade Palm Oil |
| title_sort | synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts naoh cao c from eggshells for biodiesel production using off grade palm oil |
| topic | activated carbon biodiesel calcium oxide catalysts transesterification |
| url | https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/RKL/article/view/14610 |
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