Pollution indices and correlation of heavy metals contamination in the groundwater around brick kilns in Jammu and Kashmir, India
The present investigation focuses on assessing the water quality of groundwater surrounding brick kilns in the Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). At 43 different brick kiln sites in both north and south regions of Jammu, concentrations of heavy metals were measured using established tech...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024039008 |
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| author | Indica Mohan Rohit Jasrotia Sunil Dhar Brijmohan Singh Bhau Deepak Pathania Rohit Khargotra Tej singh |
| author_facet | Indica Mohan Rohit Jasrotia Sunil Dhar Brijmohan Singh Bhau Deepak Pathania Rohit Khargotra Tej singh |
| author_sort | Indica Mohan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present investigation focuses on assessing the water quality of groundwater surrounding brick kilns in the Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). At 43 different brick kiln sites in both north and south regions of Jammu, concentrations of heavy metals were measured using established techniques. The elements zinc, copper, iron, lead, cadmium, nickel, and manganese were analyzed utilizing an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The pollution load index value was consistently below unity across all sites, suggesting an absence of pollution and making the water suitable for consumption. The average concentrations, listed in ascending order, were found to be 0.38 mg/L for copper, 0.31 mg/L for zinc, 0.01 mg/L for iron, and 0.09 mg/L for manganese. Notably, concentrations of lead, cadmium, and nickel were found below the detectable levels. Evaluation of contamination factors revealed the sequence Cu > Fe > Zn > Mn, while the geo accumulation index followed the sequence Cu > Fe > Mn > Zn. Comparison of these findings with the established standards of World Health Organization and Bureau of Indian Standards indicated that the recorded ranges were within permissible limits. The study's outcomes suggest that heavy metal emissions from brick kilns may not significantly impact the quality of groundwater. Elevated copper levels found near brick kilns were likely to result from plumbing materials in the study area. Iron and manganese in groundwater seems to have geo-genic origin and not emission-related. This research represents a foundational step in examining groundwater contamination by heavy metals specifically in the neighborhood of brick kilns in Jammu district. It contributes to the establishment of a comprehensive database and serves as a reference point for future studies. Additionally, the study recommends regular monitoring of groundwater to ensure the maintenance of drinking water quality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T13:49:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-60c8025d60d0462a97932084e12d5a47 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T13:49:19Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-60c8025d60d0462a97932084e12d5a472024-04-04T05:06:12ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-03-01106e27869Pollution indices and correlation of heavy metals contamination in the groundwater around brick kilns in Jammu and Kashmir, IndiaIndica Mohan0Rohit Jasrotia1Sunil Dhar2Brijmohan Singh Bhau3Deepak Pathania4Rohit Khargotra5Tej singh6Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani, Bagla, District Samba, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, IndiaSchool of Physics and Materials Science, Shoolini University, Solan, H.P., India; Corresponding author.Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani, Bagla, District Samba, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, IndiaDepartment of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani, Bagla, District Samba, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani, Bagla, District Samba, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India; Corresponding author.Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, 8200, Hungary; Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Egyetem U. 10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary; Corresponding author. Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Egyetem U. 10., Veszprém, 8200, Hungary.Savaria Institute of Technology, Faculty of Informatics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, HungaryThe present investigation focuses on assessing the water quality of groundwater surrounding brick kilns in the Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). At 43 different brick kiln sites in both north and south regions of Jammu, concentrations of heavy metals were measured using established techniques. The elements zinc, copper, iron, lead, cadmium, nickel, and manganese were analyzed utilizing an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The pollution load index value was consistently below unity across all sites, suggesting an absence of pollution and making the water suitable for consumption. The average concentrations, listed in ascending order, were found to be 0.38 mg/L for copper, 0.31 mg/L for zinc, 0.01 mg/L for iron, and 0.09 mg/L for manganese. Notably, concentrations of lead, cadmium, and nickel were found below the detectable levels. Evaluation of contamination factors revealed the sequence Cu > Fe > Zn > Mn, while the geo accumulation index followed the sequence Cu > Fe > Mn > Zn. Comparison of these findings with the established standards of World Health Organization and Bureau of Indian Standards indicated that the recorded ranges were within permissible limits. The study's outcomes suggest that heavy metal emissions from brick kilns may not significantly impact the quality of groundwater. Elevated copper levels found near brick kilns were likely to result from plumbing materials in the study area. Iron and manganese in groundwater seems to have geo-genic origin and not emission-related. This research represents a foundational step in examining groundwater contamination by heavy metals specifically in the neighborhood of brick kilns in Jammu district. It contributes to the establishment of a comprehensive database and serves as a reference point for future studies. Additionally, the study recommends regular monitoring of groundwater to ensure the maintenance of drinking water quality.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024039008Brick kilnsGroundwaterHeavy metalsPollution load indexCorrelation matrix |
| spellingShingle | Indica Mohan Rohit Jasrotia Sunil Dhar Brijmohan Singh Bhau Deepak Pathania Rohit Khargotra Tej singh Pollution indices and correlation of heavy metals contamination in the groundwater around brick kilns in Jammu and Kashmir, India Heliyon Brick kilns Groundwater Heavy metals Pollution load index Correlation matrix |
| title | Pollution indices and correlation of heavy metals contamination in the groundwater around brick kilns in Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| title_full | Pollution indices and correlation of heavy metals contamination in the groundwater around brick kilns in Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| title_fullStr | Pollution indices and correlation of heavy metals contamination in the groundwater around brick kilns in Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pollution indices and correlation of heavy metals contamination in the groundwater around brick kilns in Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| title_short | Pollution indices and correlation of heavy metals contamination in the groundwater around brick kilns in Jammu and Kashmir, India |
| title_sort | pollution indices and correlation of heavy metals contamination in the groundwater around brick kilns in jammu and kashmir india |
| topic | Brick kilns Groundwater Heavy metals Pollution load index Correlation matrix |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024039008 |
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