Multiscale Analysis and Safety Assessment of Fresh and Electrical Aged Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells Focusing on Mechanical Behavior
Analyzing the impact of electrical aging on the lithium-ion cell’s mechanical behavior and safety is an important factor to assess the crash safety of electric vehicles during their lifetime. In this study, fresh and electrical aged state-of-the-art NCM pouch cells were investigated. Aged cells, whi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/3/847 |
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| author | Marvin Sprenger Norbert Dölle Florian Schauwecker Marco Raffler Christian Ellersdorfer Wolfgang Sinz |
| author_facet | Marvin Sprenger Norbert Dölle Florian Schauwecker Marco Raffler Christian Ellersdorfer Wolfgang Sinz |
| author_sort | Marvin Sprenger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Analyzing the impact of electrical aging on the lithium-ion cell’s mechanical behavior and safety is an important factor to assess the crash safety of electric vehicles during their lifetime. In this study, fresh and electrical aged state-of-the-art NCM pouch cells were investigated. Aged cells, which were cycled electrically to 90% state of health, under laboratory conditions in electric vehicle battery modules were used. The used charging/discharging strategy represents real customer behavior based on accelerated driving profiles. First, it is shown that electrical aging has a significant influence on the anodes’ and separators’ mechanical properties, which had a lower mechanical strength and stiffness under tension. Additionally, quasi-static cylindrical indentation and three-point bending tests were performed to investigate aging effects on cell level at varying state of charge (SOC). Aged cells with 0% SOC showed a right-shifted force–displacement curve and a 29% lower maximum force compared to fresh cells. Fully charged, aged cells reached a similar maximum force to fresh cells, but faster temperature increase and higher temperature peaks after internal short circuit. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry analyses confirmed an increased lithium content on the anode surface, which is indicated in literature as a reason for the increased exothermic reaction of the aged cells. The results indicate a higher safety risk for the aged investigated pouch cells under mechanical loads based on their changed mechanical properties and thermal runaway behavior. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:58:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-60cc0339d4594c2386455ff512ce495d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:58:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-60cc0339d4594c2386455ff512ce495d2023-11-23T16:20:53ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-01-0115384710.3390/en15030847Multiscale Analysis and Safety Assessment of Fresh and Electrical Aged Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells Focusing on Mechanical BehaviorMarvin Sprenger0Norbert Dölle1Florian Schauwecker2Marco Raffler3Christian Ellersdorfer4Wolfgang Sinz5Mercedes-Benz AG, HPC X631, 71059 Sindelfingen, GermanyMercedes-Benz AG, HPC X631, 71059 Sindelfingen, GermanyMercedes-Benz AG, HPC X631, 71059 Sindelfingen, GermanyVSI—Institute of Vehicle Safety, University of Technology Graz, Inffeldgasse 23/I, 8010 Graz, AustriaVSI—Institute of Vehicle Safety, University of Technology Graz, Inffeldgasse 23/I, 8010 Graz, AustriaVSI—Institute of Vehicle Safety, University of Technology Graz, Inffeldgasse 23/I, 8010 Graz, AustriaAnalyzing the impact of electrical aging on the lithium-ion cell’s mechanical behavior and safety is an important factor to assess the crash safety of electric vehicles during their lifetime. In this study, fresh and electrical aged state-of-the-art NCM pouch cells were investigated. Aged cells, which were cycled electrically to 90% state of health, under laboratory conditions in electric vehicle battery modules were used. The used charging/discharging strategy represents real customer behavior based on accelerated driving profiles. First, it is shown that electrical aging has a significant influence on the anodes’ and separators’ mechanical properties, which had a lower mechanical strength and stiffness under tension. Additionally, quasi-static cylindrical indentation and three-point bending tests were performed to investigate aging effects on cell level at varying state of charge (SOC). Aged cells with 0% SOC showed a right-shifted force–displacement curve and a 29% lower maximum force compared to fresh cells. Fully charged, aged cells reached a similar maximum force to fresh cells, but faster temperature increase and higher temperature peaks after internal short circuit. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry analyses confirmed an increased lithium content on the anode surface, which is indicated in literature as a reason for the increased exothermic reaction of the aged cells. The results indicate a higher safety risk for the aged investigated pouch cells under mechanical loads based on their changed mechanical properties and thermal runaway behavior.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/3/847lithium-ion batteryelectrical aginglithium platingmechanical properties changequasi-static indentationcrash safety |
| spellingShingle | Marvin Sprenger Norbert Dölle Florian Schauwecker Marco Raffler Christian Ellersdorfer Wolfgang Sinz Multiscale Analysis and Safety Assessment of Fresh and Electrical Aged Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells Focusing on Mechanical Behavior Energies lithium-ion battery electrical aging lithium plating mechanical properties change quasi-static indentation crash safety |
| title | Multiscale Analysis and Safety Assessment of Fresh and Electrical Aged Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells Focusing on Mechanical Behavior |
| title_full | Multiscale Analysis and Safety Assessment of Fresh and Electrical Aged Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells Focusing on Mechanical Behavior |
| title_fullStr | Multiscale Analysis and Safety Assessment of Fresh and Electrical Aged Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells Focusing on Mechanical Behavior |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multiscale Analysis and Safety Assessment of Fresh and Electrical Aged Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells Focusing on Mechanical Behavior |
| title_short | Multiscale Analysis and Safety Assessment of Fresh and Electrical Aged Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells Focusing on Mechanical Behavior |
| title_sort | multiscale analysis and safety assessment of fresh and electrical aged lithium ion pouch cells focusing on mechanical behavior |
| topic | lithium-ion battery electrical aging lithium plating mechanical properties change quasi-static indentation crash safety |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/3/847 |
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